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arXiv:2603.18439 · Nuclear Physics B

Bosonic and fermionic mutual information of N-partite systems in dilaton black hole background

Xiao-Wei Teng, Rui-Yang Xu, Hui-Chen Yang, Shu-Min Wu

gr-qcquant-phSubmitted Mar 19, 2026• Announced Mar 20, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Mar 19, 2026v2 · Jun 29, 2026
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Abstract

We investigate multipartite quantum correlations by analyzing the mutual information of N-partite states for both free bosonic and fermionic fields in the background of a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. Focusing on multipartite GHZ and W states, we examine how the Hawking effect influences the N-partite mutual information when one observer hovers near the event horizon while the remaining observers stay in the asymptotically flat region. By tracing over the inaccessible modes inside the event horizon, we derive analytical expressions for the N-partite mutual information in dilaton spacetime for both bosonic and fermionic fields. Our results show that fermionic mutual information is larger than its bosonic counterpart under the influence of the dilaton black hole, whereas the fermionic relative entropy of coherence (REC) is smaller than the bosonic REC. Moreover, the mutual information of GHZ states is consistently larger than that of W states, while the REC of GHZ states is smaller than that of W states in curved spacetime. These findings indicate that the choice of quantum resources should be tailored to the particle species and state structure in relativistic quantum information tasks to optimize their operational efficiency.

Journal reference
Nucl. Phys. B 1029 (2026) 117559
DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117559
Comments
28 pages, 4 figures

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We investigate multipartite quantum correlations by analyzing the mutual information of N-partite states for both free bosonic and fermionic fields in the background of a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. Focusing on multipartite GHZ and W states, we examine how the Hawking effect influences the N-partite mutual information when one observer hovers near the event horizon while the remaining observers stay in the asymptotically flat region. By tracing over the inaccessible modes inside the event horizon, we derive analytical expressions for the N-partite mutual information in dilaton spacetime for both bosonic and fermionic fields. Our results show that fermionic mutual information is larger than its bosonic counterpart under the influence of the dilaton black hole, whereas the fermionic relative entropy of coherence (REC) is smaller than the bosonic REC. Moreover, the mutual information of GHZ states is consistently larger than that of W states, while the REC of GHZ states is smaller than that of W states in curved spacetime. These findings indicate that the choice of quantum resources should be tailored to the particle species and state structure in relativistic quantum information tasks to optimize their operational efficiency.
A bstract We study the N-partite coherences of GHZ and W states for free bosonic and fermionic fields when any n observers hover near the event horizon of a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. We derive the more general analytical expressions for N-partite coherence, encompassing both physically accessible and inaccessible coherences in the context of the dilaton black hole. It has been found that the coherence of the bosonic field is greater than that of the fermionic field, while the entanglement of the fermionic field is greater than that of the bosonic field in dilaton spacetime. Additionally, the coherence of the W state is greater than that of the GHZ state, whereas the entanglement of the GHZ state is greater than that of the W state in curved spacetime. These results suggest that we should utilize suitable quantum resources and different types of particles for relativistic quantum information tasks.
It has traditionally been believed that fermionic entanglement generally outperforms bosonic entanglement in relativistic frameworks, and that bosonic entanglement experiences sudden death in extreme gravitational environments. In this study, we analyze the genuine N-partite entanglement, measured by negativity, of bosonic and fermionic GHZ states, focusing on scenarios where a subset of mmm (m<Nm<Nm<N) constituents interacts with Hawking radiation generated by a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. Surprisingly, we find that quantum entanglement between the non-gravitational and gravitational modes for the bosonic field is stronger than that in the same modes for the fermionic field within dilaton spacetime. This study challenges the traditional belief that ``fermionic entanglement always outperforms bosonic entanglement" in the relativistic framework. However, quantum entanglement between the gravitational modes and the combined gravitational and non-gravitational modes is weaker for the bosonic field than for the fermionic field in the presence of a dilaton black hole. Finally, the connection between the global N-partite entanglement in the bosonic field and that in the fermionic field is influenced by the gravitational field's intensity. Our study reveals the intrinsic relationship between quantum entanglement of bosonic and fermionic fields in curved spacetime from a new perspective, and provides theoretical guidance for selecting appropriate field-based quantum resources for relativistic quantum information tasks under extreme gravitational conditions.
Abstract We investigate the nonseparability of N-partite quantum systems by employing the Abe-Rajagopal (AR) q -conditional entropy for both free bosonic and fermionic fields in the background of a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. An intriguing finding is that the Hawking effect of the black hole can generate a net nonseparability of W state for fermionic field. Notably, we observe that fermionic nonseparability exhibits a stronger robustness than its bosonic counterpart, while fermionic coherence is found to be weaker than bosonic coherence within the dilaton black hole background. Additionally, our analysis reveals that the nonseparability of GHZ state is more pronounced than that of W state, yet quantum coherence of GHZ state is comparatively weaker than that of W state in dilaton spacetime. These results suggest that choosing the appropriate quantum resources for different particle types and quantum state configurations is essential for effectively tackling relativistic quantum information tasks.
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ABSTRACT We investigate the influence of the Hawking effect on quantum entanglement by incorporating the spin degrees of freedom of Dirac fields in the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole. By analyzing the redistribution of correlations between causally accessible and inaccessible regions, we obtain analytical results showing that, as the dilaton increases, the physically accessible spin entanglement decreases monotonically while the inaccessible counterpart grows correspondingly, revealing a constrained transfer of quantum correlations across the event horizon rather than independent creation or destruction. From an information‐theoretic perspective, we demonstrate that the Hawking effect does not permit arbitrary redistribution of spin entanglement, but instead enforces a well‐defined monogamy relation that strictly governs how entanglement is shared among different bipartitions under gravitational evolution. These results indicate that the correlations initially shared by the observers are redistributed between accessible and inaccessible sectors through the Hawking‐induced Bogoliubov transformation, providing further insight into the structure of spin quantum correlations in curved spacetime and the role of horizon‐induced effects in reshaping quantum correlations. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 03.65.Ud,04.62.+v