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arXiv:2512.23606 · Physical Review Research

Heisenberg-limited metrology from the quantum-quench dynamics of an anisotropic ferromagnet

Z. M. McIntyre, Ji Zou, Jelena Klinovaja, Daniel Loss

quant-phSubmitted Dec 29, 2025• Announced Dec 30, 2025• 0 citations• Revised Oct 15, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Dec 29, 2025v2 · Oct 15, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The emerging field of quantum magnonics seeks to understand and harness the quantum properties of magnons -- quantized collective spin excitations in magnets. Squeezed magnon states arise naturally as the equilibrium ground states of anisotropic ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, representing an important class of nonclassical magnon states. In this work, we show how a qubit-conditioned quantum quench of an anisotropic ferromagnet can be used for Heisenberg-limited parameter estimation based on measurements of the qubit only. In the presence of ground-state squeezing, the protocol yields information about the eigenmode frequency of the coupled magnon-qubit system, whereas no information is gained in the absence of such squeezing. The protocol therefore leverages genuine quantum correlations in the form of magnonic squeezing while simultaneously relying on the equilibrium character of this squeezing -- a feature distinctive to magnetic systems.

Journal reference
Phys. Rev. Research 8, 043044 (2026)
DOI
10.1103/92jc-nlz8

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The emerging field of quantum magnonics seeks to understand and harness the quantum properties of magnons -- quantized collective spin excitations in magnets. Squeezed magnon states arise naturally as the equilibrium ground states of anisotropic ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, representing an important class of nonclassical magnon states. In this work, we show how a qubit-conditioned quantum quench of an anisotropic ferromagnet can be used for Heisenberg-limited parameter estimation based on measurements of the qubit only. In the presence of ground-state squeezing, the protocol yields information about the eigenmode frequency of the coupled magnon-qubit system, whereas no information is gained in the absence of such squeezing. The protocol therefore leverages genuine quantum correlations in the form of magnonic squeezing while simultaneously relying on the equilibrium character of this squeezing -- a feature distinctive to magnetic systems.
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Quantum magnonics is an emerging research field, with great potential for applications in magnon based hybrid systems and quantum information processing. Quantum correlation, such as entanglement, is a central resource in many quantum information protocols that naturally comes about in any study toward quantum technologies. This applies also to quantum magnonics. Here, we investigate antiferromagnetic coupling of two ferromagnetic sublattices that can have two different magnon modes. We show how this may lead to experimentally measurable bipartite continuous-variable magnon-magnon entanglement. The entanglement can be fully characterized via a single squeezing parameter or, equivalently, entanglement parameter. The clear relation between the entanglement parameter and the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) function of the ground state opens up for experimental quantification magnon-magnon continuous-variable entanglement and EPR nonlocality. We propose a practical experimental realization to measure the EPR function of the ground state, in a setting that relies on magnon-photon interaction in a microwave cavity.
The ongoing rapid progress towards quantum technologies relies on new hybrid platforms optimized for specific quantum computation and communication tasks, and researchers are striving to achieve such platforms. We study theoretically a spin qubit exchange-coupled to an anisotropic ferromagnet that hosts magnons with a controllable degree of intrinsic squeezing. We find this system to physically realize the quantum Rabi model from the isotropic to the Jaynes-Cummings limit with coupling strengths that can reach the deep-strong regime. We demonstrate that the composite nature of the squeezed magnon enables concurrent excitation of three spin qubits coupled to the same magnet. Thus, three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and related states needed for implementing Shor's quantum error-correction code can be robustly generated. Our analysis highlights some unique advantages offered by this hybrid platform, and we hope that it will motivate corresponding experimental efforts.
N\'eel ordered antiferromagnets exhibit two-mode squeezing such that their ground state is a nonclassical superposition of magnon Fock states. Here we theoretically demonstrate that antiferromagnets can couple to spin qubits via direct dispersive interaction stemming from, e.g., interfacial exchange. We demonstrate that this kind of coupling induces a magnon number-dependent level splitting of the excited state resulting in multiple system excitation energies. This series of level splittings manifests itself as nontrivial excitation peaks in qubit spectroscopy thereby revealing the underlying nonclassical magnon composition of the antiferromagnetic quantum state. By appropriately choosing the drive or excitation energy, the magnonic state can be controlled via the qubit, suggesting that Fock states of magnon pairs can be generated deterministically. This enables achieving states useful for quantum computing and quantum information science protocols.
Employing the concept of two-mode squeezed states from quantum optics, we demonstrate a revealing physical picture for the antiferromagnetic ground state and excitations. Superimposed on a N\'eel ordered configuration, a spin-flip restricted to one of the sublattices is called a sublattice magnon. We show that an antiferromagnetic spin-up magnon is composed of a quantum superposition of states with n+1n+1n+1 spin-up and nnn spin-down sublattice magnons and is thus an enormous excitation despite its unit net spin. Consequently, its large sublattice spin can amplify its coupling to other excitations. Employing von Neumann entropy as a measure, we show that the antiferromagnetic eigenmodes manifest a high degree of entanglement between the two sublattices, thereby establishing antiferromagnets as reservoirs for strong quantum correlations. Based on these insights, we outline strategies for exploiting the strong quantum character of antiferromagnetic (squeezed) magnons and give an intuitive explanation for recent experimental and theoretical findings in antiferromagnetic magnon spintronics.