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arXiv:2402.09184 · Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy

Influence of buffer gas on the formation of N-resonances in rubidium vapors

Armen D. Sargsyan, Rodolphe Momier, Claude Leroy, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Sep 21, 2024• 5 citations

Abstract

The N -resonance process is an accessible and effective method for obtaining narrow (down to subnatural linewidth), and contrasted resonances, using two continuous lasers and a Rb vapor cell. In this article, we investigate the impact of buffer gas partial pressure on the contrast and linewidth of N -resonances formed in the D 1 line of a 85 Rb thermal vapor. N -resonances are compared to usual EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages and disadvantages. Measurements were performed with five vapor cells, each containing Rb and Ne buffer gas with different partial pressures (ranging from 0 to 400 Torr). This reveals the existence of an optimum Ne partial pressure that yields the best contrast, for which we provide a qualitative description. We then study the behavior of the N -resonance components when a transverse magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell. The frequency shift of each component is well described by theoretical calculations. • The N -resonance process allows to obtain narrow and contrasted optical resonances. • Measurements were performed with five vapor cells containing Rb and Ne buffer gas. • N -resonances are compared with EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages. • The N -resonance behavior when a magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell is studied. • A qualitative explanation of the formation of the N -resonance is given.

DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107051

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The N -resonance process is an accessible and effective method for obtaining narrow (down to subnatural linewidth), and contrasted resonances, using two continuous lasers and a Rb vapor cell. In this article, we investigate the impact of buffer gas partial pressure on the contrast and linewidth of N -resonances formed in the D 1 line of a 85 Rb thermal vapor. N -resonances are compared to usual EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages and disadvantages. Measurements were performed with five vapor cells, each containing Rb and Ne buffer gas with different partial pressures (ranging from 0 to 400 Torr). This reveals the existence of an optimum Ne partial pressure that yields the best contrast, for which we provide a qualitative description. We then study the behavior of the N -resonance components when a transverse magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell. The frequency shift of each component is well described by theoretical calculations. • The N -resonance process allows to obtain narrow and contrasted optical resonances. • Measurements were performed with five vapor cells containing Rb and Ne buffer gas. • N -resonances are compared with EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages. • The N -resonance behavior when a magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell is studied. • A qualitative explanation of the formation of the N -resonance is given.

Comparison of absorption and fluorescence in a nano-cell containing Rb vapor with other Rb nano-cells with addition of neon gas is presented. It is shown that the effect of collapse and revival of Dicke-type narrowing occurs for Rb nanocells containing N2 as buffer gas under 6 and 20 Torr pressure for the thickness L = λ /2 and L = where λ is the resonant λ, laser wavelength 794 nm (D1 line). Particularly for 6 Torr the line-width of the transmission spectrum for the thickness L =λ/2 is 2 times narrower than that for L = λ. For an ordinary Rb cell with L = 0.1 - 10 cm with addition of buffer gas, the velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances in saturated absorption spectra are fully suppressed when the buffer gas pressure > 0.5 Torr. A spectacular difference is that for L = λ, VSOP resonances located at the atomic transitions are still observable even when Ne pressure is ≥ 6 Torr. Narrowband fluorescence spectra of a nano-cell with L = λ/2 can be used as a convenient tool for online buffer gas pressure monitoring for the conditions when ordinary pressure gauges are unusable. Comparison of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a nano-cell filled with pure (without a buffer gas) Rb with another nano-cell, where buffer gas nitrogen is added, is presented. The use of N2 gas inside Rb nano-cells strongly extends the range of coupling laser detunings in which it is still possible to form EIT resonance.

The narrow-band N-resonance formed in a Λ system of D 1-line rubidium atoms is studied in the presence of a buffer gas (neon) and the radiations of two continuous narrow-band diode lasers. Special-purpose cells are used to investigate the dependence of the process on vapor column thickness L in millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer ranges. A comparison of the dependences of the N-resonance and the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance on L demonstrates that the minimum (record) thickness at which the N-resonance can be detected is L = 50 μm and that a high-contrast EIT resonance can easily be formed even at L ≈ 800 nm. The N-resonance in a magnetic field for 85Rb atoms is shown to split into five or six components depending on the magnetic field and laser radiation directions. The results obtained indicate that levels F g = 2, 3 are initial and final in the N-resonance formation. The dependence of the N-resonance on the angle between the laser beams is analyzed, and practical applications are noted.

An experimental study on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium (Rb) vapor cells containing inert gases at pressures ≤5 Torr is reported. Using an inert-gas-free Rb vapor cell as a reference, we measure frequency shift and line broadening of the EIT spectra in Rb vapor cells with argon, neon, or nitrogen gases at pressures ranging from a few mTorr to 5 Torr. The results qualitatively agree with a pseudo-potential model that includes s-wave scattering between the Rydberg electron and the inert-gas atoms and the effect of polarization of the inert-gas atoms by the Rydberg atoms. Our results are important for establishing Rydberg-EIT as an all-optical and non-intrusive spectroscopic probe for field diagnostics in low-pressure radio frequency discharges.

An N-type optical resonance formed in the Л-system of potassium atoms (D1 lines) using two CW narrow-band lasers, a spectroscopic cell with a length of 1.5 cm which contains vapors of potassium atoms, and a buffer neon gas with a partial pressure of 20 Torr has been investigated. It is shown that the N-type resonance splits into three equidistant components in a longitudinal magnetic field. A comparison of the N-type resonance parameters formed in the vapors of cesium and rubidium atoms has been presented. It is found that when the N-type resonance is formed, the initial and final levels are the lower ground levels Fg = 1, 2.

We report an experimental observation of the variation in linewidth of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a three-level ?-type system for several laser bandwidths in a Rb vapor cell, with and without a buffer gas. It is found, using narrow bandwidth (about 20 kHz) diode laser for both coupling and probe beams, that the linewidth of the EIT resonance can be significantly narrowed in the Rb vapor cell with the buffer gas. The results are in good qualitative agreement with a simple theoretical calculation.

We report on the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in a ladder system in the presence of a buffer gas. In particular, we study the

5{S}_{1/2}

-$5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{-}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition in thermal rubidium vapor with a neon buffer gas at a pressure of 6 Torr. In contrast to the line-narrowing effect of buffer gas on $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems, we show that the presence of the buffer gas leads to an additional broadening of $(34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)$ MHz, which suggests a cross section for Rb(

5{D}_{5/2}

)--Ne of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{k}}^{(D)}=(23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19} {\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. However, in the limit where the coupling Rabi frequency is larger than the collisional dephasing, a strong transparency feature can still be observed.