This work studies the semiclassical behaviour of quantum models according to their dynamics. On the first part, we analyse quantum models with well defined classical limit and define a corresponding classical dynamics. We are intend to investigate here how those systems behave at this classical limit and how the quantum dynamics can be approximated. For that we make use of a semiclassical approximation as a systematic way of finding quantum corrections to the classical mean values of observables. We also make use of exact results for testing the semiclassical approximation for calculating typical quantum effects and the fidelity of the approximate state with the exact one. In the second part we deal with the classical limit of quantum mechanics through intercation with environment. The evolution of quantum and classical probability distributions are compared using the Wigner representation. We find then conditions under which the coupling of the system with the environment preserves two initially identical particles as identical and the we analyze the process of decoherence in that system.
At present there is a consensus about the fact that the emergence of the classical world from the underlying quantum reality involves the physical phenomenon of decoherence, which is usually studied in the version proposed by Zurek and his collaborators. According to this version, decoherence is a process resulting from the interaction between a quantum system and its environment (environment-induced decoherence, EID); this process singles out the observables that receive definite classical values. The aim of this paper is to propose a top-down approach to decoherence, which takes the perspective of the whole closed system, and considers whether each set of degrees of freedom decoheres or not. This approach is more general than the orthodox open-system perspective and dissolves some of its conceptual problems. Although decoherence becomes relative to the way in which the closed system is decomposed, the quantum-to-classical transition defines unequivocally the realm of classicality by identifying the observables with classical-like behavior.
This thesis presents a comprehensive study of phase-space measurements, decoherence, and the emergence of classicality in quantum systems. Motivated by limitations of position-based localisation in standard decoherence models, we develop a phase-space decoherence formalism using coherent-state positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). These generalised measurements, constructed from overcomplete sets of coherent states, provide a natural and physically motivated framework for modelling coarse-grained quantum observations. We develop an iterative measurement scheme for phase-space decoherence in systems with Heisenberg-Weyl,
SU(2),
SU(1,1), and
SU(N) symmetries. In each case, repeated weak measurements gradually suppress quantum interference, driving the system toward a maximally mixed state. A universal structure is shown to emerge: a single iteration maps the Wigner function to the Husimi
Q-function, removing negativity, while full decoherence maps the singular Glauber-Sudarshan
P-function to the
Q-function, eliminating all singularities. This establishes a group-independent mechanism by which phase-space measurements induce classicality. We compare this model to Lindblad-type dynamics, which describe open quantum systems via completely positive, trace-preserving semigroups. For Heisenberg-Weyl and tomographic
SU(N) systems, the measurement channel coincides exactly with isotropic Lindblad evolution. In
SU(2) and
SU(1,1) cases, the correspondence is only partial, with exact agreement in asymptotic regimes. A universal decoherence timescale,
t∗, emerges beyond which quasi-probability distributions become strictly positive. We then construct a stochastic unravelling based on Brownian motion on phase space, offering a geometric alternative to standard stochastic Schr\"odinger equations. This reveals that decoherence occurs without GKSL-type dynamics in noncompact systems. Such unravellings preserve the intrinsic phase-space symmetry and provide a natural setting for studying semiclassical limits and quantum-to-classical transitions. Finally, we extend the framework to relativistic quantum systems by defining a covariant coherent-state POVM on the future tube and constructing a Bargmann transform to the forward light cone. Preliminary results on relativistic phase-space decoherence are presented, along with possible directions for future research.
Phase-space and quasiprobability methods now play operational roles in quantum technologies, characterizing localization, non-Gaussianity, nonclassical resources, and coarse-graining. We develop an exact, representation-consistent analysis of the lowest quasi-exact ground state of the symmetric double-Morse oscillator. In the double-Morse potential, the dimensionless parameter
A controls the separation of the minima and the central barrier, thereby changing the physical ground state. At fixed
A, the Cahill--Glauber parameter
s labels the quasiprobability
WA(s)(q,p):
s=0,
−1, and
1 give the Wigner, Husimi
Q, and Glauber--Sudarshan
P representations, respectively. Although the potential is double-welled for
0<A<1, the exact ground-state amplitude is single-peaked at the origin and lies above the barrier; as
A approaches unity, the merged well remains locally quartic rather than harmonic. Closed analytical expressions are obtained for the Wigner function and Weyl characteristic function. The Wigner function displays the
A-dependent exchange between position and momentum localization and retains negative regions, certifying nonclassicality and, for this pure state, non-Gaussianity. The Weyl function is its Fourier dual, generates symmetrically ordered moments and cumulants, and yields the full
s-ordered hierarchy. For
s<0, isotropic Gaussian smoothing suppresses fine sign-changing structure while preserving the large-scale localization envelope. The Husimi endpoint is nonnegative without implying classicality, whereas the
P representation remains distributional. Thus,
A controls the physical phase-space geometry, while
s controls how the same non-Gaussian and nonclassical state is resolved across complementary representations
We set up a semiclassical approximation which helps us clarify by means of several simple examples the rich variety of time scale in the quantum domain. The underlying structure of quantum and classical mechanics is so completly different that it is naive to expect to reach a classical regime by counting powers of the quantum scale variant Planck's over 2pi. We show although it is possible to define a time scale for nonclassical phenomena, but it is impossible to characterize quantum dynamics through a unique time scale, such as Ehrenfest's time. We use simple systems to critically discuss and illustrate these features of the quantum-classical limit.