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arXiv:2303.08547 · Physical Review A

Simultaneous quantum squeezing of light polarizations and atomic spins in a cold atomic gas

Jinzhong Zhu, Yue Mu, Guoxiang Huang

Published Mar 23, 2023• 4 citations
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Abstract

We present a scheme to realize simultaneous quantum squeezing of light polarizations and atomic spins via a perturbed double electromagnetically induced transparency (DEIT) in a cold four-level atomic ensemble coupled with a probe laser pulse of two polarization components. We derive two coupled quantum nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations from Maxwell-Heisenberg-Langevin equations describing the quantum dynamics of the atoms and the probe pulse and develop a quantum theory of vector optical soliton (VOS), which have ultraslow propagation velocity and extremely low generation power. We solve the non-Hermitian eigenvalue problem describing the quantum fluctuations on the background of the VOS and rigorously prove that all fluctuation eigenmodes (including continuous modes and four zero modes) obtained constitute a biorthonormal and complete set. We find that, due to the giant self- and cross-Kerr nonlinearities contributed by the perturbed DEIT, a large polarization squeezing of the probe pulse can be realized. We also find that, together with the polarization squeezing of the probe pulses, a significant squeezing of atomic spins also occurs simultaneously. The results of the simultaneous squeezing of light polarizations and atomic spins by using only a coherent probe pulse reported here opens a route for uncovering the unique property of the quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles and also for applications in quantum information and precision measurement.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.033517

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We propose a scheme to realize storage and retrieval of two-component optical soliton in a coherent atomic system. The system under consideration is a cold, lifetime-broadened four-level atomic gas with a tripod configuration working at the condition of double electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that due to the existence of two dark states, the optical absorption of the probe pulse can be largely reduced. In addition, the two orthogonal polarization components of the probe pulse with a form of vector optical soliton cannot only be slowed down substantially but also be stored and retrieved robustly by switching a control laser field off and on. We also show that it is possible to achieve a memory of NNN-component optical soliton by using the NNN dark states in a (N+1)(N+1)(N+1)-pod system (N>2)(N>2)(N>2). The results reported here may have promise in applications for light information processing in a weak nonlinear regime.
We investigate the simultaneous formation and propagation of coupled ultraslow optical soliton pairs in a cold, lifetime-broadened three-state double-Lambda atomic system. Starting from the equations of motion of atomic response and two-mode probe-control electromagnetic fields, we derive coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations that govern the nonlinear evolution of the envelopes of the probe fields in this four-wave mixing scheme by means of the standard method of multiple scales. We demonstrate that for weak probe fields and with suitable operation conditions, a pair of coupled optical solitons moving with remarkably slow propagating velocity can be established in such a highly resonant atomic medium. The key elements to such a shape preserving, well matched yet interacting soliton pair is the balance between dispersion effect and self- and cross-phase modulation effects of the system.
We theoretically investigate the formation of ultraslow temporal vector optical solitons in a lifetime-broadened five-state atomic system under Raman excitation. By analysing the interaction between the atomic system and two strong, linear-polarized continuous wave control fields and a weak, linear-polarized pulsed signal field, having two orthogonally polarized components, we find that the Maxwell equations of describing the propagation of two orthogonal polarization components can evolve into two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which admit solutions describing vector solitons, including bright–bright, bright–dark, dark–bright and dark–dark vector solitons with ultraslow group velocity. More importantly, the Manakov temporal vector solitons can be easily realized in our system by adjusting the corresponding parameters such as the Rabi frequencies of the control fields, one- and two-photon detunings. The unique features of the two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations are also discussed.
We investigate the Kerr and magneto-optical effects for a probe laser field with two orthogonally polarized components, propagating in a cold Rydberg atomic gas with an inverted-Y\mathsf{Y}Y-type level configuration via double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Through an approach beyond both mean-field and ground-state approximations, we make detailed calculations on third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities and show that the system possesses giant nonlocal self- and cross-Kerr nonlinearities contributed by Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. The theoretical result of the cross-Kerr nonlinearity obtained for 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atomic gas is very close to the experimental one reported recently. Moreover, we demonstrate that the probe laser field can acquire a very large magneto-optical rotation via the double EIT, which may be used to design atomic magnetometers with high precision. The results presented here are promising not only for the development of nonlocal nonlinear magneto-optics but also for applications in precision measurement and optical information processing and transmission based on Rydberg atomic gases.