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arXiv:2302.03833 · Physical Review Research

Phase transitions and spin dynamics of the quasi-one dimensional Ising-like antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8 in a longitudinal magnetic field

Shintaro Takayoshi, Quentin Faure, Virginie Simonet, B. Grenier, S. Petit, Jacques Ollivier, P. Léjay, Thierry Giamarchi

Published Jun 30, 2023• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

By combining inelastic neutron scattering and numerical simulations, we study the quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like quantum antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{BaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ in a longitudinal magnetic field applied along the Ising anisotropy, which is also the chain direction. The external field closes the excitation gap due to the magnetic anisotropy, inducing a transition from the N\'eel ordered state to an incommensurate longitudinal spin density wave phase. If the field is increased further, another transition into a transverse antiferromagnetic phase takes place at 9 T due to the competition between longitudinal and transverse correlations. We numerically and experimentally show that the model of XXZ chains connected by a weak interchain interaction well reproduces this transition. We also calculate the dynamical susceptibility and demonstrate that it agrees quantitatively with inelastic neutron scattering measurements. In contrast to the abrupt change of magnetic ordering, the spectra do not change much at the transition at 9 T, and the spin dynamics can be described as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. We also refine the modeling of ${\mathrm{BaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ by including a four-site periodic term arising from the crystal structure which enables one to account for an anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility appearing at 19.5 T, as well as for the anticrossing observed in the inelastic neutron scattering spectra.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.5.023205

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By combining inelastic neutron scattering and numerical simulations, we study the quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like quantum antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8{\mathrm{BaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}BaCo2​V2​O8​ in a longitudinal magnetic field applied along the Ising anisotropy, which is also the chain direction. The external field closes the excitation gap due to the magnetic anisotropy, inducing a transition from the N'eel ordered state to an incommensurate longitudinal spin density wave phase. If the field is increased further, another transition into a transverse antiferromagnetic phase takes place at 9 T due to the competition between longitudinal and transverse correlations. We numerically and experimentally show that the model of XXZ chains connected by a weak interchain interaction well reproduces this transition. We also calculate the dynamical susceptibility and demonstrate that it agrees quantitatively with inelastic neutron scattering measurements. In contrast to the abrupt change of magnetic ordering, the spectra do not change much at the transition at 9 T, and the spin dynamics can be described as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. We also refine the modeling of BaCo2V2O8{\mathrm{BaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}BaCo2​V2​O8​ by including a four-site periodic term arising from the crystal structure which enables one to account for an anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility appearing at 19.5 T, as well as for the anticrossing observed in the inelastic neutron scattering spectra.
Combining inelastic neutron scattering and numerical simulations, we study the quasi-one-dimensional Ising anisotropic quantum antiferromagnet BaCo_{2}V_{2}O_{8} in a longitudinal magnetic field. This material shows a quantum phase transition from a Néel ordered phase at zero field to a longitudinal incommensurate spin density wave at a critical magnetic field of 3.8 T. Concomitantly, the excitation gap almost closes and a fundamental reconfiguration of the spin dynamics occurs. These experimental results are well described by the universal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory developed for interacting spinless fermions in one dimension. We especially observe the rise of mainly longitudinal excitations, a hallmark of the unconventional low-field regime in Ising-like quantum antiferromagnetic chains.
We study the dynamics of the quasi-one-dimensional Ising-Heisenberg antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8{\mathrm{BaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}BaCo2​V2​O8​ under a transverse magnetic field. Combining inelastic neutron scattering experiments and theoretical analyses by field theories and numerical simulations, we mainly elucidate the structure of the spin excitation spectrum in the high-field phase, appearing above the quantum phase transition point ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}{H}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}10\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. We find that it is characterized by collective solitonic excitations superimposed on a continuum. These solitons are strongly bound in pairs due to the effective staggered field induced by the nondiagonal ggg tensor of the compound and are topologically different from the fractionalized spinons in the weak-field region. The dynamical susceptibility numerically calculated with the infinite time-evolving block decimation method shows an excellent agreement with the measured spectra, which enables us to identify the dispersion branches with elementary excitations. The lowest-energy dispersion has an incommensurate nature and has a local minimum at an irrational wave number due to the applied transverse field.
The quantum many-body interactions in one-dimensional spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ systems are subject to Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) physics, which predict an array of multiparticle excitations that form continua in momentum-energy space. Here we use inelastic neutron spectroscopy to study the TLL spin dynamics in SrCo2V2O8{\mathrm{SrCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}SrCo2​V2​O8​, a compound which contains weakly coupled spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ chains of Co atoms, at 0.05 K and in a longitudinal magnetic field up to 9.0 T. The measurements were performed above 3.9 T, where the ground-state N\'eel antiferromagnetic (AFM) order is completely suppressed and the multiparticle excitations are exclusively of the TLL type. In this region and below 7.0 T, the longitudinal TLL mode---psinon/antipsinon (P/AP)---is unexpectedly well described by a damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) while approaching the zone center defining the static spin-spin correlations. A non-DHO-type, continuumlike signal is seen at higher fields, but deviations from the ideal one-dimensional TLL still remain. This change in the P/AP mode coincides with the phase transition between the longitudinal spin density wave (LSDW) and transverse AFM order. Inside the LSDW state, the DHO-type P/AP spectral weight increases and the linewidth broadens as the magnetic order parameter decreases. These results reveal the impact of three-dimensional magnetic order on the TLL spin dynamics; they call for beyond-mean-field treatment for the interchain exchange interactions.
We explore the spin dynamics emerging from the Néel phase of the chain compound antiferromagnet BaCo(2)V(2)O(8). Our inelastic neutron scattering study reveals unconventional discrete spin excitations, so-called Zeeman ladders, understood in terms of spinon confinement, due to the interchain attractive linear potential. These excitations consist of two interlaced series of modes, respectively, with transverse and longitudinal polarization. The latter, which correspond to a longitudinal fluctuation of the ordered moment, have no classical counterpart and are related to the zero-point fluctuations that weaken the ordered moment in weakly coupled quantum chains. Our analysis reveals that BaCo(2)V(2)O(8), with moderate Ising anisotropy and sizable interchain interactions, remarkably fulfills the conditions necessary for the observation of discrete long-lived longitudinal excitations.
In quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) quantum antiferromagnets, the complicated interplay of intrachain and interchain exchange couplings may give rise to rich phenomena. Motivated by recent progress on field-induced phase transitions in the q1D antiferromagnetic (AFM) compound YbAlO3, we study the phase diagram of spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with Ising anisotropic interchain couplings under a longitudinal magnetic field via large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations, and investigate the role of the spin anisotropy of the interchain coupling on the ground state of the system. We find that the Ising anisotropy of the interchain coupling can significantly enhance the longitudinal spin correlations and drive the system to an incommensurate AFM phase at intermediate magnetic fields, which is understood as a longitudinal spin density wave (LSDW). With increasing field, the ground state changes to a canted AFM order with transverse spin correlations. We further provide a global phase diagram showing how the competition between the LSDW and the canted AFM states is tuned by the Ising anisotropy of the interchain coupling.
We report ^{51}V NMR and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements on a quasi-1D antiferromagnet BaCo_{2}V_{2}O_{8} under transverse field along the [010] direction. The scaling behavior of the spin-lattice relaxation rate above the Néel temperatures unveils a 1D quantum critical point (QCP) at H_{c}^{1D}≈4.7 T, which is masked by the 3D magnetic order. With the aid of accurate analytical analysis and numerical calculations, we show that the zone center INS spectrum at H_{c}^{1D} is precisely described by the pattern of the 1D quantum Ising model in a magnetic field, a class of universality described in terms of the exceptional E_{8} Lie algebra. These excitations are nondiffusive over a certain field range when the system is away from the 1D QCP. Our results provide an unambiguous experimental realization of the massive E_{8} phase in the compound, and open a new experimental route for exploring the dynamics of quantum integrable systems as well as physics beyond integrability.