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arXiv:2112.14800 · Physical Review A

Atomic memory based on recoil-induced resonances

J. C. C. Capella, Álvaro Mitchell Galvão de Melo, J. P. Lopez, J. W. R. Tabosa, D. Felinto

Published Jul 1, 2022• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work, we perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of an atomic memory based on recoil-induced resonance in cold cesium atoms. We consider the interaction of nearly degenerate pump and probe beams with an ensemble of two-level atoms. A full theoretical density matrix calculation in the extended Hilbert space of the internal and external atomic degrees of freedom allows us to obtain, from first principles, the transient and stationary responses determining the probe transmission and the forward four-wave-mixing spectra. These two signals are generated together at the same order of perturbation with respect to the intensities of pump and probe beams. Moreover, we have investigated the storage of optical information on the spatial modes of light beams in the atomic external degrees of freedom, which provided a simple interpretation for the previously reported nonvolatile character of this memory. The retrieved signals after storage reveal the equivalent role of probe transmission and four-wave mixing, as the two signals have similar amplitudes. Probe transmission and forward four-wave-mixing spectra were then experimentally measured for both continuous excitation and after storage. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the developed theory, and they open another pathway for the reversible exchange of optical information with atomic systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.106.013101

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In this work, we perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of an atomic memory based on recoil-induced resonance in cold cesium atoms. We consider the interaction of nearly degenerate pump and probe beams with an ensemble of two-level atoms. A full theoretical density matrix calculation in the extended Hilbert space of the internal and external atomic degrees of freedom allows us to obtain, from first principles, the transient and stationary responses determining the probe transmission and the forward four-wave-mixing spectra. These two signals are generated together at the same order of perturbation with respect to the intensities of pump and probe beams. Moreover, we have investigated the storage of optical information on the spatial modes of light beams in the atomic external degrees of freedom, which provided a simple interpretation for the previously reported nonvolatile character of this memory. The retrieved signals after storage reveal the equivalent role of probe transmission and four-wave mixing, as the two signals have similar amplitudes. Probe transmission and forward four-wave-mixing spectra were then experimentally measured for both continuous excitation and after storage. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the developed theory, and they open another pathway for the reversible exchange of optical information with atomic systems.
In this work, we present some fundamental tools in the modelling of quantum networks. We intend to develop theoretical tools such as the usage of the mixed variables density matrix formalism to model from first principles atomic experiments where external degrees of free- dom play an important role, and entanglement quantification in atom-photon systems where entanglement is present in the continuous variables of the system. Namely, we first perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of an atomic memory based on recoil- induced resonance in cold cesium atoms. We consider the interaction of a nearly degenerated pump and probe beams with an ensemble of two-level atoms. A full theoretical density ma- trix calculation in the extended Hilbert space of the internal and external atomic degrees of freedom allows us to obtain, from first principles, the transient and stationary responses de- termining the probe transmission and the forward four-wave mixing spectra. These two signals are generated together at the same order of perturbation with respect to the intensities of pump and probe beams. Moreover, we have investigated the storage of optical information on the spatial modes of light beams in the atomic external degrees of freedom, which provided a simple interpretation for the previously-reported non-volatile character of this memory. The retrieved signals after storage reveal the equivalent role of probe transmission and four-wave mixing, as the two signals have similar amplitudes. Probe transmission and forward four-wave- mixing spectra were then experimentally measured for both continuous excitation and after storage. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the developed theory and open a new pathway for the reversible exchange of optical information with atomic systems. Next, we review the Weisskopf-Wigner formalism for spontaneous emission considering the spatial modes of light as well as external atomic degrees of freedom which we introduce in the theory by modelling the atom as a wavepacket in momentum space with a given initial uncertainty, and perform a purity calculation in order to quantify the entanglement encoded in the momentum variables of the atom-photon system. Our purity calculations reveal two high entanglement regimes depending on the initial atomic momentum uncertainty: the Recoil entanglement regime (which arises in the small momentum uncertainty region), where recoil effects dominate the mechanisms that originate entanglement and the Doppler entanglement regime (in the large momentum uncertainty region) where homogeneous Doppler shifts in the emitted photon’s frequency play the fundamental part in the build up of quantum correlations in the system. Simplified expressions for the system’s wavefunction are found for each of the entanglement regimes and physical considerations are made to explain their nature. Finally, we briefly investigate the role of entanglement in the distinguishability of two physically different quantum states that arise naturally from the theory, where we note that entanglement in the system leads to a better resolution of the two quantum states.
Recoil-induced resonances (RIR) can be detected in experiments involving light-atom interaction where atomic external degrees of freedom play an important role. In pump-probe experiments the recoil of atoms due to absorption and emission of radiation is responsible for the amplification and attenuation of the probe beam under certain circumstances, resulting in a disperse and narrow (of the order of 10 kHz) feature in the spectrum of the probe beam. Backward four-wave mixing (BFWM) signals, via recoil-induced resonances, using cold atoms as nonlinear medium were also extensively studied during the past years. In this work it will be presented a systematic study of forward four-wave mixing (FFWM) via RIR. It will be also presented a simple theoretical model that allowed us to predict the lineshapes of the observed signals and to better understand the phenomenon studied. The model is also compared with results that are already known in order to verify its validity and predict the possibility of measure the velocity distribution of the atomic cloud in a future experiment.
Abstract We report on the observation of efficient light storage based on recoil-induced resonances and the associated generation of forward four-wave mixing signal. We use a strong coupling beam red-detuned from the closed transition 6S1/2,F=4→6P3/2,F′=56S_{1/2}, F=4\rightarrow6P_{3/2}, F^{\prime}=56S1/2​,F=4→6P3/2​,F′=5 of cold cesium atom and a two-mode probe beam, whose frequency can be scanned around the coupling beam frequency. First, we demonstrate the coherent phase transfer from one mode component of the probe beam to the corresponding forward generated four-wave mixing beam. We then explore the coherent nature of the stored optical information to retrieve the two-mode probe energy with an efficiency 3.5 fold higher as compared with the total retrieved energy efficiency associated with the case where each mode component of the probe acts separately. Finally, we discuss a possible application of our experimental scheme and observed effects to investigate squeezing and quantum photon correlations.
We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of recoil-induced resonance in a pure two-level system of cold cesium atoms. We use a strong coupling beam and a weak probe beam to couple different external momentum states of the cesium atom via two-photon Raman interaction which leads to the storage of the optical information of the probe beam. We have also measured the probe transmission spectrum, as well as the light storage spectrum which reveals very narrow subnatural resonance features showing absorption and gain. We have demonstrated that this memory presents the unique property of being insensitive to the reading process, which does not destroy the stored information leading to a memory lifetime limited only by the atomic thermal motion.
We report on a new, to the best of our knowledge, type of optical memory that allows for the amplification of the optical signal carrying the stored information during its reading process. The memory mechanism is demonstrated in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms and is based on the multiple parametric four-wave mixing exploring the external atomic degrees of freedom via recoil-induced resonances. We have particularly demonstrated the storage of light carrying orbital angular momentum with a fourfold amplifying factor for the retrieved signal during the reading process. Memory lifetimes of the order of hundreds of microseconds have been measured, and possible applications for this self-amplifying memory are discussed.
We present experimental observation of recoil-induced resonance (RIR) in an operating cesium magneto-optical trap (MOT) by both pump–probe absorption and four-wave mixing spectra simultaneously. We investigate the dependence of amplitudes of these two spectra on pump beam intensity and frequency. The measurement results agree well with the recoil-induced theory with modifications of Raman transition effect and atomic number. The systematical study on RIR spectra is meaningful for the diagnostic measurement of cold atoms in an operating MOT.