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Applied Physics B

Enhanced light retrieval from a memory based on interfering recoil induced resonances

J. C. de Aquino Carvalho, Raoni S. N. Moreira, J. W. R. Tabosa

Published Feb 22, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We report on the observation of efficient light storage based on recoil-induced resonances and the associated generation of forward four-wave mixing signal. We use a strong coupling beam red-detuned from the closed transition $6S_{1/2}, F=4\rightarrow6P_{3/2}, F^{\prime}=5$ of cold cesium atom and a two-mode probe beam, whose frequency can be scanned around the coupling beam frequency. First, we demonstrate the coherent phase transfer from one mode component of the probe beam to the corresponding forward generated four-wave mixing beam. We then explore the coherent nature of the stored optical information to retrieve the two-mode probe energy with an efficiency 3.5 fold higher as compared with the total retrieved energy efficiency associated with the case where each mode component of the probe acts separately. Finally, we discuss a possible application of our experimental scheme and observed effects to investigate squeezing and quantum photon correlations.

DOI
10.1007/s00340-025-08419-w

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Abstract We report on the observation of efficient light storage based on recoil-induced resonances and the associated generation of forward four-wave mixing signal. We use a strong coupling beam red-detuned from the closed transition 6S1/2,F=4→6P3/2,F′=56S_{1/2}, F=4\rightarrow6P_{3/2}, F^{\prime}=56S1/2​,F=4→6P3/2​,F′=5 of cold cesium atom and a two-mode probe beam, whose frequency can be scanned around the coupling beam frequency. First, we demonstrate the coherent phase transfer from one mode component of the probe beam to the corresponding forward generated four-wave mixing beam. We then explore the coherent nature of the stored optical information to retrieve the two-mode probe energy with an efficiency 3.5 fold higher as compared with the total retrieved energy efficiency associated with the case where each mode component of the probe acts separately. Finally, we discuss a possible application of our experimental scheme and observed effects to investigate squeezing and quantum photon correlations.
In this work, we perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of an atomic memory based on recoil-induced resonance in cold cesium atoms. We consider the interaction of nearly degenerate pump and probe beams with an ensemble of two-level atoms. A full theoretical density matrix calculation in the extended Hilbert space of the internal and external atomic degrees of freedom allows us to obtain, from first principles, the transient and stationary responses determining the probe transmission and the forward four-wave-mixing spectra. These two signals are generated together at the same order of perturbation with respect to the intensities of pump and probe beams. Moreover, we have investigated the storage of optical information on the spatial modes of light beams in the atomic external degrees of freedom, which provided a simple interpretation for the previously reported nonvolatile character of this memory. The retrieved signals after storage reveal the equivalent role of probe transmission and four-wave mixing, as the two signals have similar amplitudes. Probe transmission and forward four-wave-mixing spectra were then experimentally measured for both continuous excitation and after storage. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the developed theory, and they open another pathway for the reversible exchange of optical information with atomic systems.
We report on a new, to the best of our knowledge, type of optical memory that allows for the amplification of the optical signal carrying the stored information during its reading process. The memory mechanism is demonstrated in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms and is based on the multiple parametric four-wave mixing exploring the external atomic degrees of freedom via recoil-induced resonances. We have particularly demonstrated the storage of light carrying orbital angular momentum with a fourfold amplifying factor for the retrieved signal during the reading process. Memory lifetimes of the order of hundreds of microseconds have been measured, and possible applications for this self-amplifying memory are discussed.
We performed an experiment to observe the storage of an input probe field and an idler field generated through an off-axis four-wave mixing (FWM) process via a double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration in a cold atomic ensemble. We analyzed the underlying physics in detail and found that the retrieved idler field came from two parts if there was no single-photon detuning for the pump pulse: Part 1 was from the collective atomic spin (the input probe field, the coupling field, and the pump field combined to generate the idler field through FWM; then the idler was stored through electromagnetically induced transparency). Part 2 was from the generated new FWM process during the retrieval process (the retrieved probe field, the coupling field, and the pump field combined to generate a new FWM signal). If there was single-photon detuning for the pump pulse, then the retrieved idler was mainly from part 2. The retrieved two fields exhibited damped oscillations with the same oscillatory period when a homogeneous external magnetic field was applied, which was caused by the Larmor spin precession. We also experimentally realized the storage and retrieval of an image of light using FWM, in which an image was added into the input signal. After the storage, the retrieved idler beams and input signal carried the same image. This image storage technique holds promise for applications in image processing, remote sensing, and quantum communication.
We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of recoil-induced resonance in a pure two-level system of cold cesium atoms. We use a strong coupling beam and a weak probe beam to couple different external momentum states of the cesium atom via two-photon Raman interaction which leads to the storage of the optical information of the probe beam. We have also measured the probe transmission spectrum, as well as the light storage spectrum which reveals very narrow subnatural resonance features showing absorption and gain. We have demonstrated that this memory presents the unique property of being insensitive to the reading process, which does not destroy the stored information leading to a memory lifetime limited only by the atomic thermal motion.
We report on a new technique to observe intensity squeezing based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a pure two-level system. We employ a two-mode probe beam, where the two probe modes play a double role, either for generating the forward-FWM beams as well as local oscillators. The technique relies on the phase conjugation property associated with the generated forward-FWM. Using a cold ensemble of cesium atoms and a pump beam red-detuned by 30 MHz from resonance of the closed transition6S1/2, F = 4, mF = 4 → 6P3/2, F ′ = 5, mF ′ = 5, we have demonstrated directly the production of −0.35 dB of light intensity squeezing. Possible extension of the present technique is also discussed for FWM processes involving more complex atomic-level schemes.
We report on a new technique to observe intensity squeezing based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a pure two-level system. We employ a two-mode probe beam, where the two probe modes play a double role, either for generating the forward-FWM beams as well as local oscillators. The technique relies on the phase conjugation property associated with the generated forward-FWM. Using a cold ensemble of cesium atoms and a pump beam red-detuned by 30 MHz from resonance of the closed transition6S1/2, F = 4, mF = 4 → 6P3/2, F ′ = 5, mF ′ = 5, we have demonstrated directly the production of −0.35 dB of light intensity squeezing. Possible extension of the present technique is also discussed for FWM processes involving more complex atomic-level schemes.