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arXiv:2112.04614 · Physical Review A

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency spectroscopy of high-lying Rydberg states in K39

Yuqi Zhu, Sumita Ghosh, S. B. Cahn, Michael J. Jewell, Danielle H. Speller, Reina H. Maruyama

Published Apr 14, 2022• 8 citations
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Abstract

We present a study of the Rydberg spectrum in $^{39}\mathrm{K}$ for $nS$ and $n{D}_{3/2}$ series connected to $5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$ using two-photon spectroscopy based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a heated vapor cell. We observed some 80 transitions from $5{P}_{1/2}$ to Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers $n\ensuremath{\sim}50--90$, and determined their transition frequencies and state energies with sub-GHz precision. Our spectroscopy results lay the groundwork for using Rydberg atoms as sensitive microwave photon detectors in searches for dark matter axions in the $\ensuremath{\sim}40--200 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{eV}$ mass range, which is a prime range for future axion searches suggested by theory studies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.042808

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A high sensitivity spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms is presented by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 6S(1/2)-6P(3/2)-n D ladder-type system of cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The EIT spectra of 40 D Rydberg state are measured and the dependences of the EIT magnitude and linewidth on the coupling laser power are investigated in detail. The Rydberg EIT linewidth is measured to be about 5.6 MHz when the powers of probe and coupling lasers are 50 microW and 5.2 mW, respectively, and which is close to the natural linewidth of cesium atoms. The effect of double resonance optical pumping on EIT is also investigated. The fine structures of nD (n = 39-55) are measured and the experimental result is in agreement with quantum defect theory.
We demonstrate a velocity selection scheme that mitigates suppression of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) by Doppler shifts for coupling wavelengths larger than the probe wavelength. An optical pumping beam counterpropagating with the EIT probe beam transfers atoms between hyperfine states in a velocity-selective fashion. Measurement of the transmitted probe beam synchronous with chopping of the optical pumping beam enables a Doppler-free EIT signal to be detected. Transition frequencies between 5P1/25{P}_{1/2}5P1/2​ and nS1/2n{S}_{1/2}nS1/2​ states for n=26n=26n=26, 27, and 28 in 39K^{39}\mathrm{K}39K are obtained via EIT spectroscopy in a heated vapor cell with a probe beam stabilized to the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{1/2}$ transition. Using previous high-resolution measurements of the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{S}_{1/2}$ transitions, we make a determination of the absolute frequency of the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{1/2}$ transition. Our measurement is shifted by 560 MHz from the currently accepted value with a twofold improvement in uncertainty. These measurements will enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases composed of 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K atoms.
Rydberg atoms possess highly excited valence electrons that are far away from atomic cations. Compared with ground states, Rydberg states are excited states with a high principal quantum number n that exhibit large electric dipole moments and have a variety of applications in quantum information processing. In this communication, we report the measurement of the 6Li Rydberg excitation spectrum by ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a vapor cell. The 2p→ns/nd EIT spectra were recorded by sweeping the frequency of an ultraviolet Rydberg pumping laser while keeping the probing laser resonant to the 2s→2p transition. All lasers were locked on an ultrastable optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and measured by an optical frequency comb. Our results provide valuable information to precisely determine quantum defects and enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases.