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arXiv:2004.12863 · Advanced Quantum Technologies

Unconditional Accumulation of Nonclassicality in a Single‐Atom Mechanical Oscillator

Lukáš Podhora, Tuan Pham Minh, Adam Lešundák, Petr Obšil, Martin Čížek, Ondřej Čı́p, Petr Marek, L. Slodička, Radim Filip

Published May 27, 2020• 8 citations
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Abstract

Abstract The robust experimental accumulation of nonclassicality of motion of a single trapped ion is reported. The nonclassicality stems from deterministic incoherent modulation of thermal phonon number distribution implemented by a laser excitation of nonlinear coupling between the ion's internal—electronic levels and external—motional states. It is demonstrated that the repetitive application of this nonlinear process monotonically accumulates the observable state nonclassicality. The output states converge to a phonon number distribution with high overlap with a particular Fock state and visible quantum non‐Gaussian aspects including corresponding negative Wigner function. The resulting oscillator states prove deterministic transition in the hierarchy of quantum non‐Gaussianity up to four phonons. This transition is very robust against experimental imperfections and produces increasing entanglement potential.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202000012

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Abstract The robust experimental accumulation of nonclassicality of motion of a single trapped ion is reported. The nonclassicality stems from deterministic incoherent modulation of thermal phonon number distribution implemented by a laser excitation of nonlinear coupling between the ion's internal—electronic levels and external—motional states. It is demonstrated that the repetitive application of this nonlinear process monotonically accumulates the observable state nonclassicality. The output states converge to a phonon number distribution with high overlap with a particular Fock state and visible quantum non‐Gaussian aspects including corresponding negative Wigner function. The resulting oscillator states prove deterministic transition in the hierarchy of quantum non‐Gaussianity up to four phonons. This transition is very robust against experimental imperfections and produces increasing entanglement potential.
Coupling an oscillator to a single two-level system is one of the most fundamental interactions in quantum physics. We report on a dynamical effect during which a thermal state of an oscillator is unconditionally transformed to a highly nonclassical state with negative Wigner function values by mere absorbtion by a single uncontrolled two-level system. This complements the traditional test of Rabi oscillations and it serves as a simply measurable witness that the process in question is highly nonclassical. The process is experimentally feasible with possible experimental implementation in a number of experimental platforms with intrinsic Jaynes-Cummings interaction and it has the potential of enabling deterministic generation of nonclassical quantum states.
Quantum non-Gaussian mechanical states are already required in a range of applications. The discrete building blocks of such states are the energy eigenstates-Fock states. Despite progress in their preparation, the remaining imperfections can still invisibly cause loss of the aspects critical for their applications. We derive and apply the most challenging hierarchy of quantum non-Gaussian criteria on the characterization of single trapped-ion oscillator mechanical Fock states with up to 10 phonons. We analyze the depth of these quantum non-Gaussian features under intrinsic mechanical heating and predict their requirement for reaching quantum advantage in the sensing of a mechanical force.
Single-quantum level operations are important tools to manipulate a quantum state. Annihilation or creation of single particles translates a quantum state to another by adding or subtracting a particle, depending on how many are already in the given state. The operations are probabilistic and the success rate has yet been low in their experimental realization. Here we experimentally demonstrate (near) deterministic addition and subtraction of a bosonic particle, in particular a phonon of ionic motion in a harmonic potential. We realize the operations by coupling phonons to an auxiliary two-level system and applying transitionless adiabatic passage. We show handy repetition of the operations on various initial states and demonstrate by the reconstruction of the density matrices that the operations preserve coherences. We observe the transformation of a classical state to a highly non-classical one and a Gaussian state to a non-Gaussian one by applying a sequence of operations deterministically.
We report the creation of thermal, Fock, coherent, and squeezed states of motion of a harmonically bound 9 Be + ion. The last three states are coherently prepared from an ion which has been initially laser-cooled to the zero-point of motion. The ion is trapped in the regime where the coupling between its motional and internal states, due to applied (classical) radiation, can be described by a Jaynes-Cummings-type interaction. With this coupling, the evolution of the internal atomic state provides a signature of the number state distribution of the motion. PACS numbers:42.50.Vk, 32.80.Pj, 32.80.Qk Typeset using REVT E X Nonclassical states of the harmonic oscillator associated with a single mode of the radiation field (for example, squeezed states) have been a subject of considerable interest. One method for analyzing these states has been through the dynamics of a single, two-level atom which radiatively couples to the single mode radiation field. This system, described by the Ja...
In this paper we propose a scheme for the generation of a nonclassical non-Gaussian motional state of a mechanical resonator (MR) in the three-mode optomechanical system in which two linearly coupled single-mode cavities interact dispersively with the mechanical oscillator simultaneously. With one cavity driven by a weak laser field and by properly tuning the driving frequency, a desirable phononic Liouvillian superoperator can be obtained by engineering the selective interaction Hamiltonian confined to Fock subspaces. It is shown that the MR can be driven dissipatively into a steady non-Gaussian nonclassical state, which possesses sub-Poisson statistics, although its Wigner function is positive. The present scheme can be useful for obtaining single phonons.
A strong nonlinear coupling between harmonic oscillators is highly desirable for quantum information processing and quantum simulation, but is difficult to achieve in many physical systems. Here, we exploit the Coulomb interaction between two trapped ions to achieve strong nonlinear coupling between normal modes of motion at the single-phonon level. We experimentally demonstrate phonon up- and down-conversion and apply this coupling to directly measure the parity and Wigner functions of the ions' motional states. Our results represent the fully quantum operation of a degenerate parametric oscillator and hold promise for quantum computation schemes that involve continuous variables.