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arXiv:2001.01510 · Scientific Reports

Raman-free fibered photon-pair source

Martin Cordier, Philippe Delaye, Frédéric Gérôme, Fetah Benabid, Isabelle Zaquine

Published Feb 3, 2020• 39 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Raman-scattering noise in silica has been the key obstacle toward the realisation of high quality fiber-based photon-pair sources. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how to get past this limitation by dispersion tailoring a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The source operates at room temperature, and is designed to generate Raman-free photon-pairs at useful wavelength ranges, with idler in the telecom, and signal in the visible range. We achieve a coincidence-to-accidentals ratio as high as 2740 combined with an ultra low heralded second order coherence [Formula: see text], indicating a very high signal to noise ratio and a negligible multi-photon emission probability. Moreover, by gas-pressure tuning, we demonstrate the control of photon frequencies over a range as large as 13 THz, covering S-C and L telecom band for the idler photon. This work demonstrates that hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is an excellent platform to design high quality photon-pair sources, and could play a driving role in the emerging quantum technology.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-58229-7

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Raman-scattering noise in silica has been the key obstacle toward the realisation of high quality fiber-based photon-pair sources. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how to get past this limitation by dispersion tailoring a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The source operates at room temperature, and is designed to generate Raman-free photon-pairs at useful wavelength ranges, with idler in the telecom, and signal in the visible range. We achieve a coincidence-to-accidentals ratio as high as 2740 combined with an ultra low heralded second order coherence [Formula: see text], indicating a very high signal to noise ratio and a negligible multi-photon emission probability. Moreover, by gas-pressure tuning, we demonstrate the control of photon frequencies over a range as large as 13 THz, covering S-C and L telecom band for the idler photon. This work demonstrates that hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is an excellent platform to design high quality photon-pair sources, and could play a driving role in the emerging quantum technology.
Fibered sources of photon pairs can be easily integrated into future quantum communication networks. However, in silica-core fibres, the broadband spectrum of spontaneous Raman scattering strongly contributes to uncorrelated noise photons degrading the quality of the source. To overcome the problem of the silica Raman scattering, a new architecture was recently proposed, with hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (LF-HCPF) whose core and cladding are filled with a non-linear liquid. As opposed to the Raman scattering spectrum of silica, which is broadband and continuous, the Raman scattering spectrum of liquids is composed of narrow lines. Thus, generating photon pairs between these narrow lines permits to avoid the spectral overlap between the SFWM pairs and the Raman photons. A near infra-red LF-HCPCF photon pair source has been demonstrated, featuring a three order of magnitude suppression of the Raman noise [1]. We have also demonstrated the first non-linear LF-PCF with a transmission band and a zero-dispersion-wavelength (ZDW) in the telecom wavelength range combined with a non-linearity of the same order of magnitude as the one of silica, as a first step towards a Raman-free photon pair source in the telecom band [2]. Injecting light on both sides of this fiber in a Sagnac loop configuration can then be used to obtain entanglement.
We report on the experimental characterization of a novel nonlinear liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for the generation of photon pairs at a telecommunication wavelength through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM). We show that the optimization procedure in view of this application links the choice of the nonlinear liquid to the design parameters of the fiber, and we give an example of such an optimization at telecom wavelengths. Combining the modeling of the fiber and classical characterization techniques at these wavelengths, we identify for the chosen fiber and liquid combination SFWM phase-matching frequency ranges with no Raman scattering noise contamination. This is a first step toward obtaining a telecom band fibered photon-pair source with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
Photon-pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in inhibited-coupling hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (IC-HCPCF) filled with an inert gas (Xenon) combine Raman free generation, high signal-to-noise ratio, entanglement control and integrability in the telecommunications network [1]. Furthermore, this technology proved to be a promising platform for both single photon and entangled photon-pairs sources. However, increasing the brightness of such platform is required. Recently, we demonstrated an enhancement of this photon -pairs source brightness by an order of magnitude to reachB0=30kHzB_{0}=30\text{kHz}B0​=30kHzusing GHz-repetition rate femtosecond laser [2].
We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of correlated photon pairs in a liquid-core photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, we show that, thanks to the specific Raman properties of liquids, the Raman noise (which is the main limitation of the performance of silica-core fiber-based correlated photon pair sources) is highly reduced. With a demonstrated coincident-to-accidental ratio equal to 63 and a pair generation efficiency of about 10 −4 per pump pulse, this work contributes to the development of high-quality correlated photon pair sources for quantum communications.
Tunable biphotons are highly important for a wide range of quantum applications. For some applications, especially interesting are cases where two photons of a pair are far apart in frequency. Here, we report a tunable biphoton source based on a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Tunability is achieved by adjusting the pressure of the gas inside the fiber. This allows us to tailor the dispersion landscape of the fiber, overcoming the principal limitations of solid-core fiber-based biphoton sources. We report a maximum tunability of 120 THz for a pressure range of 4 bar with a continuous shift of 30 THz/bar. At 21 bar, the photons of a pair are separated by more than one octave. Despite the large separation, both photons have large bandwidths. At 17 bar, they form a very broad (110 THz) band around the frequency of the pump.
Photon pairs (biphotons) are ubiquitous in quantum technologies. In particular, in quantum imaging and spectroscopy they enable measurements in hard-to-access spectral ranges [1] and increased sensitivity [2] . Among different sources of biphotons, four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is most efficient due to the large nonlinear interaction lengths and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources are usually not tuneable except by tuning the pump wavelength. Hollow-core photonic crystals fibers (PCF) filled by noble gas solve this problem: their dispersion landscape can be tailored by simply changing the gas pressure [3] , [4] . Additionally, they are free from Raman scattering and have a higher damage threshold than solid-core fibers [4] .