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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Fiber Source of Biphotons with Ultrabroad Frequency Tuneability

Santiago Lopez-Huidobro, Markus Lippl, Nicolas Y. Joly, Maria V. Chekhova

Published Jun 21, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photon pairs (biphotons) are ubiquitous in quantum technologies. In particular, in quantum imaging and spectroscopy they enable measurements in hard-to-access spectral ranges [1] and increased sensitivity [2] . Among different sources of biphotons, four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is most efficient due to the large nonlinear interaction lengths and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources are usually not tuneable except by tuning the pump wavelength. Hollow-core photonic crystals fibers (PCF) filled by noble gas solve this problem: their dispersion landscape can be tailored by simply changing the gas pressure [3] , [4] . Additionally, they are free from Raman scattering and have a higher damage threshold than solid-core fibers [4] .

DOI
10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec52157.2021.9542049

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Photon pairs (biphotons) are ubiquitous in quantum technologies. In particular, in quantum imaging and spectroscopy they enable measurements in hard-to-access spectral ranges [1] and increased sensitivity [2] . Among different sources of biphotons, four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is most efficient due to the large nonlinear interaction lengths and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources are usually not tuneable except by tuning the pump wavelength. Hollow-core photonic crystals fibers (PCF) filled by noble gas solve this problem: their dispersion landscape can be tailored by simply changing the gas pressure [3] , [4] . Additionally, they are free from Raman scattering and have a higher damage threshold than solid-core fibers [4] .
Tunable biphotons are highly important for a wide range of quantum applications. For some applications, especially interesting are cases where two photons of a pair are far apart in frequency. Here, we report a tunable biphoton source based on a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Tunability is achieved by adjusting the pressure of the gas inside the fiber. This allows us to tailor the dispersion landscape of the fiber, overcoming the principal limitations of solid-core fiber-based biphoton sources. We report a maximum tunability of 120 THz for a pressure range of 4 bar with a continuous shift of 30 THz/bar. At 21 bar, the photons of a pair are separated by more than one octave. Despite the large separation, both photons have large bandwidths. At 17 bar, they form a very broad (110 THz) band around the frequency of the pump.
Pairs of entangled photons-biphotons-are indispensable in quantum applications. However, some important spectral ranges, like the ultraviolet, have been inaccessible to them so far. Here, we use four-wave mixing in a xenon-filled single-ring photonic crystal fiber to generate biphotons with one of the photons in the ultraviolet and its entangled partner in the infrared spectral range. We tune the biphotons in frequency by varying the gas pressure inside the fiber and thus tailoring the fiber dispersion landscape. The ultraviolet photons are tunable from 271 nm to 231 nm and their entangled partners, from 764 nm to 1500 nm, respectively. Tunability up to 192 THz is achieved by adjusting the gas pressure by only 0.68 bar. At 1.43 bar, the photons of a pair are separated by more than 2 octaves. The access to ultraviolet wavelengths opens the possibility for spectroscopy and sensing with undetected photons in this spectral range.
We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of entangled photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). By analyzing various fiber geometries, dispersion profiles, and anti-resonant characteristics, we identify optimal configurations that enhance photon-pair generation efficiency. Our study highlights the crucial roles of group velocity dispersion engineering, pump parameters, and phase-matching conditions in shaping the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of the emitted photons. Utilizing gas-filled or evacuated HC-PCFs significantly reduces Raman noise by minimizing field overlap with the glass, while maintaining strong nonlinear interactions. The results reveal practical regimes for improving spectral purity and heralding efficiency. These findings provide practical design guidelines for scalable, low-noise quantum light sources suitable for quantum communication technologies. We bridge fiber design and nonlinear optics to create a predictive model and practical design charts for application-specific quantum light sources.
We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of entangled photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). By analyzing various fiber geometries, dispersion profiles, and anti-resonant characteristics, we identify optimal configurations that enhance photon-pair generation efficiency. Our study highlights the crucial roles of group velocity dispersion engineering, pump parameters, and phase-matching conditions in shaping the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of the emitted photons. Utilizing gas-filled or evacuated HC-PCFs significantly reduces Raman noise by minimizing field overlap with the glass, while maintaining strong nonlinear interactions. The results reveal practical regimes for improving spectral purity and heralding efficiency. These findings provide practical design guidelines for scalable, low-noise quantum light sources suitable for quantum communication technologies.
We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of entangled photon pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). By analyzing various fiber geometries, dispersion profiles, and anti-resonant characteristics, we identify optimal configurations that enhance photon-pair generation efficiency. Our study highlights the crucial roles of group velocity dispersion engineering, pump parameters, and phase-matching conditions in shaping the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of the emitted photons. Utilizing gas-filled or evacuated HC-PCFs significantly reduces Raman noise by minimizing field overlap with the glass, while maintaining strong nonlinear interactions. The results reveal practical regimes for improving spectral purity and heralding efficiency. These findings provide practical design guidelines for scalable, low-noise quantum light sources suitable for quantum communication technologies.
Nowadays fiber biphoton sources are nearly as popular as crystal-based ones. They offer a single spatial mode and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources lack the broad tunability of crystals, which do not require a tunable pump. Here, we report a broadly tunable biphoton source based on a suspended core fiber. This is achieved by introducing pressurized gas into the fibers hollow channels, changing the step index. The mechanism circumvents the need for a tunable pump laser, making this a broadly tunable fiber biphoton source with a convenient tuning mechanism, comparable to crystals. We report a continuous shift of 0.30 THz/bar of the sidebands, using up to 25 bar of argon.