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arXiv:1910.12918 · Physical Review A

Heralded single-photon and correlated-photon-pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing in tapered optical fibers

Anatoly Shukhin, Jameesh Keloth, K. Hakuta, А. А. Калачев

Published May 11, 2020• 32 citations
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Abstract

We study the generation of frequency nondegenerate correlated photon pairs and heralded single photons via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a series of identical micro- or nanofibers (MNFs). Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated at wavelengths of about 880 and 1310 nm has been measured under excitation by 100-ps laser pulses demonstrating good agreement with the theoretical prediction. The measured zero-time second-order autocorrelation function was about 0.2 when the emission rate of the heralded photons was of 4 Hz. The MNF-based source perfectly matches standard single-mode fibers, which makes it compatible with the existing fiber communication networks. In addition, SFWM observation in a series of identical MNFs allows for increasing the generation rate of single photons via spatial multiplexing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.053822

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We study the generation of frequency nondegenerate correlated photon pairs and heralded single photons via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a series of identical micro- or nanofibers (MNFs). Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated at wavelengths of about 880 and 1310 nm has been measured under excitation by 100-ps laser pulses demonstrating good agreement with the theoretical prediction. The measured zero-time second-order autocorrelation function was about 0.2 when the emission rate of the heralded photons was of 4 Hz. The MNF-based source perfectly matches standard single-mode fibers, which makes it compatible with the existing fiber communication networks. In addition, SFWM observation in a series of identical MNFs allows for increasing the generation rate of single photons via spatial multiplexing.
Abstract Spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in optical micro-/nanofibers is studied theoretically and experimentally. Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated via SFWM under excitation of femtosecond laser pulses is measured and calculated considering self-phase modulation of the pump pulses and SFWM throughout the tapered fibers. In comparison with the previous study (Shukhin et al 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 053822), replacing picosecond pump by a femtosecond one with the same average power makes it possible to increase the photon pair generation rate tenfold.
We study the generation of correlated photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a 15 cm long micro/nano-fiber (MNF). The MNF is properly fabricated to satisfy the phase-matching condition for generating the signal and idler photon pairs at wavelengths of about 1310 and 851 nm, respectively. Photon-counting measurements yield a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 530 for a photon production rate of about 0.002 (0.0005) per pulse in the signal (idler) band. We also analyze the spectral information of the signal photons originating from SFWM and Raman scattering (RS). In addition to discovering some unique features of RS, we find the bandwidth of the individual signal photons is much greater than the calculated value for the MNF with homogeneous structure. Our investigations indicate the MNF is a promising candidate for developing the sources of nonclassical light and the spectral property of photon pairs can be used to noninvasively test the diameter and homogeneity of the MNF.
We experimentally demonstrate a heralded single photon source at 1290 nm by exploiting the spontaneous four wave mixing in a taper-drawn micro/nano-fiber (MNF). Because the frequency detuning between the pump and heralded single photons is ∼58  THz, the contamination by Raman scattering is significantly reduced at room temperature. Since the MNF is naturally connected to standard single mode fibers via fiber tapers, the source would be compatible with the existing fiber networks. When the emission rate of heralded signal photons is about 4.6 kHz, the measured second-order intensity correlation function g(2)(0) is 0.017±0.002, which is suppressed by a factor of more than 55, relative to the classical limit.
Based on the spontaneous four wave mixing in micro/nano-fiber (MNF), we report the generation of quantum-correlated photon pairs. The wavelengths of the signal and idler photons are in the 1310 nm and 851 nm bands, respectively. The measured ratio between the coincidence and accidental coincidence rates of signal and idler photons is up to 530. Moreover, we characterize the spectral property of the signal photons in the wavelength range of 1270-1610 nm. The results reveal that the bandwidth of the photon pairs is much greater than the theoretically expected value due to the inhomogeneity of the MNF; while the spectrum of Raman scattering in MNF is different from that in conventional optical fibers and photonic crystal fibers, which may originate from the heating used for fabricating the MNF. Our investigation shows that the MNF is a promising candidate for developing the sources of quantum light in micro- or nanometer-scales, and the spectral property of photon pairs can be used to non-invasively test the diameter and homogeneity of the MNF.
In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of near-IR correlated photon pairs via Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM) using a 13 cm-long MNF which has air-cladding waveguide structure with sub-micron diameter [1]. Since the dispersion property of optical fiber is heavily linked to its diameter, each wavelength of pair photon can be engineerable by tapering an optical fiber to the desired diameter satisfying the phase matching condition. Here, by using the tapered-MNF with 615 nm-diameter, signal and idler photons are generated at the wavelengths of 850 nm and 632 nm, respectively, in which Si-based single-photon detector has the high quantum efficiency (Q.E.) more than 50 % for both wavelengths.
We demonstrate a source of photon pairs with widely separated wavelengths, 810 and 1548 nm, generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a microstructured fiber. The second-order autocorrelation function g((2))(0) was measured to confirm the nonclassical nature of a heralded single-photon source constructed from the fiber. The microstructured fiber presented herein has the interesting property of generating photon pairs with wavelengths suitable for a quantum repeater able to link free-space channels with fiber channels, as well as for a high-quality telecommunication wavelength heralded single photon source. It also has the advantage of potentially low-loss coupling into standard optical fiber. These reasons make this photon pair source particularly interesting for long-distance quantum communication.