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Chinese Optics Letters

Micro/nano-fiber-based source of heralded single photons at the telecom band

Jie Su, Liang Cui, Yuhang Li Yuhang Li, Xiaoying Li Xiaoying Li

Published Jan 1, 2018• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a heralded single photon source at 1290 nm by exploiting the spontaneous four wave mixing in a taper-drawn micro/nano-fiber (MNF). Because the frequency detuning between the pump and heralded single photons is ∼58  THz, the contamination by Raman scattering is significantly reduced at room temperature. Since the MNF is naturally connected to standard single mode fibers via fiber tapers, the source would be compatible with the existing fiber networks. When the emission rate of heralded signal photons is about 4.6 kHz, the measured second-order intensity correlation function g(2)(0) is 0.017±0.002, which is suppressed by a factor of more than 55, relative to the classical limit.

DOI
10.3788/col201816.041903

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We experimentally demonstrate a heralded single photon source at 1290 nm by exploiting the spontaneous four wave mixing in a taper-drawn micro/nano-fiber (MNF). Because the frequency detuning between the pump and heralded single photons is ∼58  THz, the contamination by Raman scattering is significantly reduced at room temperature. Since the MNF is naturally connected to standard single mode fibers via fiber tapers, the source would be compatible with the existing fiber networks. When the emission rate of heralded signal photons is about 4.6 kHz, the measured second-order intensity correlation function g(2)(0) is 0.017±0.002, which is suppressed by a factor of more than 55, relative to the classical limit.
We study the generation of frequency nondegenerate correlated photon pairs and heralded single photons via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a series of identical micro- or nanofibers (MNFs). Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated at wavelengths of about 880 and 1310 nm has been measured under excitation by 100-ps laser pulses demonstrating good agreement with the theoretical prediction. The measured zero-time second-order autocorrelation function was about 0.2 when the emission rate of the heralded photons was of 4 Hz. The MNF-based source perfectly matches standard single-mode fibers, which makes it compatible with the existing fiber communication networks. In addition, SFWM observation in a series of identical MNFs allows for increasing the generation rate of single photons via spatial multiplexing.
Single photon sources are fundamental elements for quantum information science, mainly for quantum key distribution (QKD) applications. Nevertheless, on-demand single photon sources are difficult to obtain, and their implementation in a practical application, such as QKD, demands further developments. A different approach to a single photon source is based on the generation of quantum correlated photon-pairs. In that case, the detection of one photon of the pair heralds the presence of the second photon. In this work, we present a heralded single photon source based on the spontaneous four-wave mixing (FWM) process in optical fibers. We characterize theoretically the heralded photon source by means of the conditional second-order coherence function, gc(2) , with gc(2) = 0 for a perfect single photon source. We observe the nonclassical nature of the source, with gc(2) ≪ 1 far below the classical limit. Our results also show that the Raman scattering in general degrades the quality of the source, due to the generation of uncorrelated photons. However, our findings show that in some frequency regimes we are able to observe a gc(2) ≈ 10−3. Moreover, our analysis shows that the propagation of the photons in a standard single mode fiber (SSMF) does not change significantly the value of gc(2), for distances of L < 25/α, with α the loss coefficient of the SSMF. This results can help to guide the development of single photon sources for quantum information applications.
Based on the spontaneous four wave mixing in micro/nano-fiber (MNF), we report the generation of quantum-correlated photon pairs. The wavelengths of the signal and idler photons are in the 1310 nm and 851 nm bands, respectively. The measured ratio between the coincidence and accidental coincidence rates of signal and idler photons is up to 530. Moreover, we characterize the spectral property of the signal photons in the wavelength range of 1270-1610 nm. The results reveal that the bandwidth of the photon pairs is much greater than the theoretically expected value due to the inhomogeneity of the MNF; while the spectrum of Raman scattering in MNF is different from that in conventional optical fibers and photonic crystal fibers, which may originate from the heating used for fabricating the MNF. Our investigation shows that the MNF is a promising candidate for developing the sources of quantum light in micro- or nanometer-scales, and the spectral property of photon pairs can be used to non-invasively test the diameter and homogeneity of the MNF.
We study the generation of correlated photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a 15 cm long micro/nano-fiber (MNF). The MNF is properly fabricated to satisfy the phase-matching condition for generating the signal and idler photon pairs at wavelengths of about 1310 and 851 nm, respectively. Photon-counting measurements yield a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 530 for a photon production rate of about 0.002 (0.0005) per pulse in the signal (idler) band. We also analyze the spectral information of the signal photons originating from SFWM and Raman scattering (RS). In addition to discovering some unique features of RS, we find the bandwidth of the individual signal photons is much greater than the calculated value for the MNF with homogeneous structure. Our investigations indicate the MNF is a promising candidate for developing the sources of nonclassical light and the spectral property of photon pairs can be used to noninvasively test the diameter and homogeneity of the MNF.
We demonstrate and characterize a heralded single photon source which is based on the signal and idler photon pairs generated from pulse pumped spontaneous four wave mixing in photonic crystal fibre. The heralded single photons are approximately in a pure temporal mode, achieved by eliminating the frequency correlation of the photon pairs. Since the influence of Raman scattering is negligible and no narrow bandpass filter is employed, the heralding efficiency of the source is up to 85%. When the production rate is 0.002 pair/pulse, the measured second-order intensity correlation function of the heralded single photons is , which is suppressed by a factor of more than 80 relative to the classical Poissonian light limit. In addition, the demonstrated source is pumped by a photonic crystal fibre laser, which makes the source more compact and low-cost.