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arXiv:1806.09421 · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

Beamforming Design and Power Allocation for Secure Transmission With NOMA

Youhong Feng, Shihao Yan, Zhen Yang, Nan Yang, Jinhong Yuan

Published Mar 26, 2019• 101 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel beamforming design to enhance physical layer security of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with the aid of artificial noise (AN). The proposed design uses two factors to balance the useful signal strength and interference at the strong and weak users, which is a generalized version of the existing beamforming designs in the context of physical layer security for NOMA. We determine the optimal power allocation among useful signals and AN together with the two optimal factors in order to maximize the secrecy sum rate (SSR). Our asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime provides an efficient and near-optimal solution to optimize the beamforming scalars and power allocation coefficients. Our analysis indicates that it is not optimal to form a beam toward either the strong user or the weak user in NOMA systems for security enhancement. In addition, the asymptotically optimal power allocation informs that, as the transmit power increases, more power should be allocated to the weak user or AN signals, while the power allocated to the strong user keeps constant. Our examination shows that the proposed novel beamforming design can significantly outperform two benchmark schemes.

DOI
10.1109/twc.2019.2906202

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In this paper, we propose a novel beamforming design to enhance physical layer security of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with the aid of artificial noise (AN). The proposed design uses two factors to balance the useful signal strength and interference at the strong and weak users, which is a generalized version of the existing beamforming designs in the context of physical layer security for NOMA. We determine the optimal power allocation among useful signals and AN together with the two optimal factors in order to maximize the secrecy sum rate (SSR). Our asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime provides an efficient and near-optimal solution to optimize the beamforming scalars and power allocation coefficients. Our analysis indicates that it is not optimal to form a beam toward either the strong user or the weak user in NOMA systems for security enhancement. In addition, the asymptotically optimal power allocation informs that, as the transmit power increases, more power should be allocated to the weak user or AN signals, while the power allocated to the strong user keeps constant. Our examination shows that the proposed novel beamforming design can significantly outperform two benchmark schemes.
The key idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is to serve multiple users in the same resource block to improve the spectral efficiency. Whereas due to the resource sharing, a security flaw of NOMA emerges in the presence of internal untrusted users, especially untrusted near users who are closer to the base station and can easily access the confidential information for paired far users. To mitigate the flaw, in this paper, we investigate the reliable and secure transmission of NOMA systems with untrusted near users, and propose joint beamforming and power allocation (JBP) scheme for the scenario. Meanwhile, from security point of view, we extend to a worse-case scenario where both untrusted near users and external eavesdroppers exist, and propose joint artificial noise aided beamforming and power allocation (JANBP) scheme to achieve a reliable and secure transmission for the scenario. The exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the two scenarios are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes, respectively. The analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed JBP and JANBP schemes in terms of combating internal and external eavesdropping, and also indicate the two schemes can achieve the same SOP at high SNR.
Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) is promising to achieve high spectral efficiency with a higher flexibility relative to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In this paper, a novel RSMA-based secure transmission scheme with artificial noise (AN) and an adaptive beamforming is developed with the aim of maximizing the secrecy sum rate (SSR) of the considered system subject to specific constraints. The joint optimization of the power allocation between useful messages and AN signals, rate splitting between the two legitimate receivers, and the two mastering parameters of the beamforming design is tackled. To solve such a non-convex problem, we first analytically reveal some properties of the solution and then focus on an asymptotic scenario with a sufficiently large number of transmit antennas to derive closed-form expressions for the optimal power allocation coefficients. This enables us to develop an efficient method to identify the optimal rate splitting and beamforming parameters. Our examinations demonstrate that the proposed RSMA-based scheme outperforms two benchmark schemes in terms of achieving a higher SSR and the achievable performance gain is exceptional when the number of transmit antennas is small.
In this paper, the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential eavesdropper. To support secure transmissions from legitimate users, two NOMA Secrecy Sum Rate Transmit BeamForming (NOMA-SSR-TBF) schemes are proposed to maximise the SSR of a Base Station (BS) with sufficient and insufficient transmit power. For BS with sufficient transmit power, an artificial jamming beamforming design scheme is proposed to disrupt the potential eavesdropping without impacting the legitimate transmissions. In addition, for BS with insufficient transmit power, a modified successive interference cancellation decoding sequence is used to reduce the impact of artificial jamming on legitimate transmissions. More specifically, iterative algorithm for the successive convex approximation are provided to jointly optimise the vectors of transmit beamforming and artificial jamming. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-SSR-TBF schemes outperforms the existing works, such as the maximized artificial jamming power scheme, the maximized artificial jamming power scheme with artificial jamming beamforming design and maximized secrecy sum rate scheme without artificial jamming beamforming design.
Owing to the eminent performance gain, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been regarded as a promising approach to achieve high throughput and low latency for the next-generation networks. Nevertheless, potential adversaries can still pose a threat to secure transmission in NOMA systems. Hence, in this article, secure transmission schemes based on beamforming optimization are designed to combat both internal and external eavesdropping for downlink multi-input single-output NOMA networks. Using the transmit beamforming design, we first propose two schemes to protect the privacy of a specific NOMA user in the presence of untrusted users. Then, the sum secrecy rate optimization problem is studied to combat the external eavesdropper through optimizing the precoding vectors, when the channel state information (CSI) is available. In addition, two secure beamforming strategies with the help of artificial noise and inter-user interference are proposed without eavesdropping CSI, respectively. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, and some open issues are discussed as well.
In this paper, we consider a downlink multiple-input single-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MISO-NOMA) network with several legitimate users and a eavesdropper using successive interference cancellation (SIC). The purpose of this paper is to maximize the secrecy performance of the MISO-NOMA network by designing the transmit power between the legitimate users and the artificial jamming. Explicitly, the secrecy sum rate of the MISO-NOMA network is to be maximized by optimizing the transmit beamforming vectors and the artificial jamming vector, subject to the required quality of service of each legitimate user, the artificial jamming beamforming design constraint and the SIC decoding condition. Due to the non-convexity of the optimization problem, we reformulate the original problem into an equivalent optimization problem and then provide a successive convex approximation based iterative algorithm for solving it. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimization scheme outperforms the existing schemes.
In this paper, we investigate an artificial-noise (AN) aided secure transmission for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) full-duplex (FD) relay network. We propose a novel joint NOMA and AN-aided full-duplex relay (NOMA-ANFDR) scheme to enhance the physical security. In this scheme, the optimal power allocation between the information and the AN signal is determined such that the capacity of the two end-to-end (i.e., two source-relay-destination pairs) channel are maximized to ensure the highest quality of cooperative transmission. To fully examine the benefits of the NOMA-ANFDR scheme, we derive a new closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability.We show that the NOMA-ANFDR scheme significantly outperforms the joint NOMA and AN in half-duplex relay (NOMA-ANHDR) scheme as well as the NOMA-HDR scheme in terms of minimum secrecy outage probability and effect secrecy throughout. This result indicates that adopting the joint of FD and AN technique at relays can effectively enhance the physical layer secrecy performance in the NOMA cooperative network.