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IEEE Wireless Communications

Secure Transmission via Beamforming Optimization for NOMA Networks

Yang Cao, Nan Zhao, Yunfei Chen, Minglu Jin, Zhiguo Ding, Yonghui Li, Fei Richard Yu

Published Aug 22, 2019• 70 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Owing to the eminent performance gain, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been regarded as a promising approach to achieve high throughput and low latency for the next-generation networks. Nevertheless, potential adversaries can still pose a threat to secure transmission in NOMA systems. Hence, in this article, secure transmission schemes based on beamforming optimization are designed to combat both internal and external eavesdropping for downlink multi-input single-output NOMA networks. Using the transmit beamforming design, we first propose two schemes to protect the privacy of a specific NOMA user in the presence of untrusted users. Then, the sum secrecy rate optimization problem is studied to combat the external eavesdropper through optimizing the precoding vectors, when the channel state information (CSI) is available. In addition, two secure beamforming strategies with the help of artificial noise and inter-user interference are proposed without eavesdropping CSI, respectively. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, and some open issues are discussed as well.

DOI
10.1109/mwc.001.1900159

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Owing to the eminent performance gain, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been regarded as a promising approach to achieve high throughput and low latency for the next-generation networks. Nevertheless, potential adversaries can still pose a threat to secure transmission in NOMA systems. Hence, in this article, secure transmission schemes based on beamforming optimization are designed to combat both internal and external eavesdropping for downlink multi-input single-output NOMA networks. Using the transmit beamforming design, we first propose two schemes to protect the privacy of a specific NOMA user in the presence of untrusted users. Then, the sum secrecy rate optimization problem is studied to combat the external eavesdropper through optimizing the precoding vectors, when the channel state information (CSI) is available. In addition, two secure beamforming strategies with the help of artificial noise and inter-user interference are proposed without eavesdropping CSI, respectively. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, and some open issues are discussed as well.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a prospective technology for radio resource constrained future mobile networks. However, NOMA users far from a base station (BS) tend to be more susceptible to eavesdropping because they are allocated more transmit power. In this paper, we aim to jointly optimize the precoding vectors at the BS to ensure the legitimate security in a downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) NOMA network. When the eavesdropping channel state information (CSI) is available at the BS, we can maximize the sum secrecy rate by joint precoding optimization. Owing to its non-convexity, the problem is converted into a convex one, which is solved by a second-order-cone-programming-based iterative algorithm. When the CSI of the eavesdropping channel is not available, we first consider the case that the secure user is not the farthest from the BS, and the transmit power of the farther users is maximized via joint precoding optimization to guarantee its security. Then, we consider the case when the farthest user from the BS requires secure transmission, and the modified successive interference cancellation order and joint precoding optimization can be adopted to ensure its security. A similar method can be exploited to solve the two non-convex problems when the CSI is unknown. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes can improve the security performance for MISO NOMA systems effectively, with and without eavesdropping CSI.
In this paper, the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential eavesdropper. To support secure transmissions from legitimate users, two NOMA Secrecy Sum Rate Transmit BeamForming (NOMA-SSR-TBF) schemes are proposed to maximise the SSR of a Base Station (BS) with sufficient and insufficient transmit power. For BS with sufficient transmit power, an artificial jamming beamforming design scheme is proposed to disrupt the potential eavesdropping without impacting the legitimate transmissions. In addition, for BS with insufficient transmit power, a modified successive interference cancellation decoding sequence is used to reduce the impact of artificial jamming on legitimate transmissions. More specifically, iterative algorithm for the successive convex approximation are provided to jointly optimise the vectors of transmit beamforming and artificial jamming. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-SSR-TBF schemes outperforms the existing works, such as the maximized artificial jamming power scheme, the maximized artificial jamming power scheme with artificial jamming beamforming design and maximized secrecy sum rate scheme without artificial jamming beamforming design.
In this paper, we consider a downlink multiple-input single-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MISO-NOMA) network with several legitimate users and a eavesdropper using successive interference cancellation (SIC). The purpose of this paper is to maximize the secrecy performance of the MISO-NOMA network by designing the transmit power between the legitimate users and the artificial jamming. Explicitly, the secrecy sum rate of the MISO-NOMA network is to be maximized by optimizing the transmit beamforming vectors and the artificial jamming vector, subject to the required quality of service of each legitimate user, the artificial jamming beamforming design constraint and the SIC decoding condition. Due to the non-convexity of the optimization problem, we reformulate the original problem into an equivalent optimization problem and then provide a successive convex approximation based iterative algorithm for solving it. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimization scheme outperforms the existing schemes.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a prospective technology for radio resource constrained future mobile networks. However, NOMA users far from base station (BS) tend to be more susceptible to eavesdropping because they are allocated more transmit power. In this paper, we aim to jointly optimize the precoding vectors at BS to ensure the legitimate security in a downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) NOMA network. In the proposed scheme, we can maximize the sum secrecy rate by joint precoding optimization. Owing to its non-convexity, the problem is converted into a convex one, which is solved by a second-order cone programming based iterative algorithm. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed schemes can improve the security performance for MISO NOMA systems effectively.
The key idea of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is to serve multiple users in the same resource block to improve the spectral efficiency. Whereas due to the resource sharing, a security flaw of NOMA emerges in the presence of internal untrusted users, especially untrusted near users who are closer to the base station and can easily access the confidential information for paired far users. To mitigate the flaw, in this paper, we investigate the reliable and secure transmission of NOMA systems with untrusted near users, and propose joint beamforming and power allocation (JBP) scheme for the scenario. Meanwhile, from security point of view, we extend to a worse-case scenario where both untrusted near users and external eavesdroppers exist, and propose joint artificial noise aided beamforming and power allocation (JANBP) scheme to achieve a reliable and secure transmission for the scenario. The exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the two scenarios are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes, respectively. The analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed JBP and JANBP schemes in terms of combating internal and external eavesdropping, and also indicate the two schemes can achieve the same SOP at high SNR.
This paper studies the secure transmission for downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in which imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper links is considered. We propose the novel robust beamforming strategies for the direct transmission NOMA (DT NOMA) and cooperative jamming NOMA (CJ NOMA) with a helper. We formulate our problem as the worst-case sum power minimization subject to secrecy rate constraint. The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method is firstly applied to relax the quadratic terms and rank-one optimality is proved. Then an iterative algorithm based on successive convex approximation (SCA) is proposed to transform the nonconvex problem into convex approximations. Simulation results show that both the proposed NOMA schemes outperform the orthogonal multiple scheme, and CJ NOMA scheme can achieve much better system performance gain than DT NOMA scheme.