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arXiv:1804.06762

Excitation transfer from Second to First resonance line of Potassium observed in hot atomic vapor

C. Andreeva, A. Krasteva, А. Г. Марковски, S. Tsvetkov, S. Gateva, Silvia Gozzini, S. Cartaleva

Published Apr 18, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present experimental investigation on the fluorescence profiles observed by excitation of the hyperfine transitions of the second resonance line of potassium with a wavelength of 404.4 nm in dependence on the atomic density. This leads to both direct decay of the excited level population to the ground state (violet fluorescence), and to cascade decay via the first resonance lines (infrared fluorescence). It has been shown that the behavior of these two fluorescence profiles is different: increasing the atomic density, the violet fluorescence profile exhibits a well-pronounced self-absorption dip, while the infrared line does not show any narrow-width reduced absorption structure. Moreover, the profiles of the infrared line have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of the violet line. Our investigations show that beside atomic population, atomic polarization is also transferred by the cascade transitions. This is evidenced by registration of coherent magneto-optical resonances at the two fluorescence lines. The signal-to-noise ratio of these resonances registered at the first resonance line is significantly higher than at those obtained at the second resonance line. The proposed study makes it possible to examine cascade transitions in alkali atoms, particularly the preservation of atomic polarization, i.e. the coherence transfer by cascade transitions.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1804.06762

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We present experimental investigation on the fluorescence profiles observed by excitation of the hyperfine transitions of the second resonance line of potassium with a wavelength of 404.4 nm in dependence on the atomic density. This leads to both direct decay of the excited level population to the ground state (violet fluorescence), and to cascade decay via the first resonance lines (infrared fluorescence). It has been shown that the behavior of these two fluorescence profiles is different: increasing the atomic density, the violet fluorescence profile exhibits a well-pronounced self-absorption dip, while the infrared line does not show any narrow-width reduced absorption structure. Moreover, the profiles of the infrared line have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of the violet line. Our investigations show that beside atomic population, atomic polarization is also transferred by the cascade transitions. This is evidenced by registration of coherent magneto-optical resonances at the two fluorescence lines. The signal-to-noise ratio of these resonances registered at the first resonance line is significantly higher than at those obtained at the second resonance line. The proposed study makes it possible to examine cascade transitions in alkali atoms, particularly the preservation of atomic polarization, i.e. the coherence transfer by cascade transitions.
We present the observation of coherent population trapping resonances on the second resonance line of potassium: 4s 2 S 1/2 → 5p 2 P 3/2 with wavelength of 404.4 nm.Moreover, a transfer of the coherent population trapping resonance occurs to the excited 4p 2 P 1/2 and 4p 2 P 3/2 states of the first resonance line due to cascade transitions.This transfer is evidenced by the observation of narrow resonances at the infrared 4s 2 S 1/2 → 4p 2 P 1/2 and 4s 2 S 1/2 → 4p 2 P 3/2 transitions when alkali excitation is performed at the 404.4 nm violet line.
Abstract In this communication, we present experimental results on the preparation of magneto-optical resonances in potassium. The magneto-optical resonances are registered in Hanle configuration, i.e. monitoring the atomic fluorescence vs the applied magnetic field scanned around zero value. The excitation of the second resonance line with a wavelength of 404.4 nm leads both to direct fluorescence at 404.4 nm and to a cascade decay with fluorescence at 770.1 nm and 764.5 nm (first resonance line transitions). This transfer is evidenced by the registration of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in the fluorescence. It should also be noted that even after multiple cascade transitions, the resonance observed on the infrared lines has a much better signal/noise ratio compared to that on the excited second resonance line. Therefore, the study of these sub-Doppler-width magneto-optical resonances in hot potassium vapor will be useful for the further development of high-resolution magneto-optical laser spectroscopy.
Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) is observed on the first and second resonance lines of potassium, by irradiating the vapor by 770.1 nm and 404.5 nm diode laser light, respectively. With the 770.1 nm excitation, narrow CPT resonance is observed demonstrating 80 times larger contrast than in case of Cs vapor, in coated optical cell. A theoretical model is proposed to explain strong resonance contrast enhancement. Irradiating K vapor with the 404.5 nm laser, the CPT resonance is observed both on the 404.5 nm and 770.1 nm lines, which makes the study of various cascade transitions in potassium possible.
A brief introduction is presented related to three different approaches for Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) observation, namely CPT resonance prepared: (i) in degenerate two-level system, (ii) by coupling pairs of non-degenerate Zeeman sublevels of two ground levels and (iii) utilizing Zeeman sublevels within a single hyperfine transition. As an illustration of the first two approaches recent results concerning the CPT preparation on the first resonance line in Na and K are described. The first, to our best knowledge, CPT resonance observation on the second resonance line of K (violet, 404.4 nm) is reported. A transfer of the CPT resonance due to cascade transitions, without compromising its parameters, is evidenced. The presented results are promising for investigation of processes in atomic vapour and gas discharge.
We present the first experimental observation of narrow dips in the fluorescence profiles of completely closed hyperfine transitions in Rb vapor at high atomic density, which is attributed to the depolarization of the excited state.Moreover, at low atomic density, a narrow peak on the top of the fluorescence profile is demonstrated, centered at the completely closed transition within the D2 line of Cs.Experiments are performed in thin (700 µm) alkali cell by single light beam spectroscopy.The cell is filled with Cs containing a small portion of Rb.
An ongoing spectroscopic investigation of atomic rubidium utilizes a two-photon, single-laser excitation process. Transitions accessible with our tunable laser include 5P1/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F) and 5P3/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F). The laser is split into a pump and probe beam to allow for Doppler-free measurements of transitions between hyperfine levels. The pump and probe beams are overlapped in a counter-propagating geometry and the laser frequency scans over a transition. Absorption, fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy techniques are applied to this basic experimental setup. The temperature of the vapor cell and the power of the pump and probe beams have been varied to explore line broadening effects and signal-to-noise of each technique. This humble setup will hopefully grow into a more robust experimental arrangement in which double resonance, two-laser excitations are used to explore hyperfine state changing collisions between rubidium atoms and noble gas atoms. Rb-noble gas collisions can transfer population between hyperfine levels, such as 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3) Collision ←− 5P3/2 (F ′ = 2), and the probe beam couples 7S1/2 (F ′′ = 2) ← 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3). Polarization spectroscopy signal depends on the rate of population transfer due to the collision as well as maintaining the orientation created by the pump laser. Fluorescence spectroscopy relies only on transfer of population due to the collision. Comparison of these techniques yields information regarding the change of the magnetic sublevels, mF , during hyperfine state changing collisions.