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arXiv:1803.07578 · Optics Letters

Toward a compact fibered squeezing parametric source

Alexandre Brieussel, Konstantin Ott, Maxime Joos, Nicolas Treps, Claude Fabre

Published Mar 6, 2018• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work, we investigate three different compact fibered systems generating vacuum squeezing that involve optical cavities limited by the end surface of a fiber and by a curved mirror and containing a thin parametric crystal. These systems have the advantage to couple squeezed states directly to a fiber, allowing the user to benefit from the flexibility of fibers in the use of squeezing. Three types of fibers are investigated: standard single-mode fibers, photonic-crystal large-mode-area single-mode fibers, and short multimode fibers taped to a single-mode fiber. The observed squeezing is modest (-0.56 dB, -0.9 dB, -1 dB), but these experiments open the way for miniaturized squeezing devices that could be a very interesting advantage in scaling up quantum systems for quantum processing, opening new perspectives in the domain of integrated quantum optics.

DOI
10.1364/ol.43.001267

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In this work, we investigate three different compact fibered systems generating vacuum squeezing that involve optical cavities limited by the end surface of a fiber and by a curved mirror and containing a thin parametric crystal. These systems have the advantage to couple squeezed states directly to a fiber, allowing the user to benefit from the flexibility of fibers in the use of squeezing. Three types of fibers are investigated: standard single-mode fibers, photonic-crystal large-mode-area single-mode fibers, and short multimode fibers taped to a single-mode fiber. The observed squeezing is modest (-0.56 dB, -0.9 dB, -1 dB), but these experiments open the way for miniaturized squeezing devices that could be a very interesting advantage in scaling up quantum systems for quantum processing, opening new perspectives in the domain of integrated quantum optics.
Squeezed states of light are quantum states that can be used in numerous protocols for quantum computation and quantum communication. Their generation in labora- tories has been investigated before, but they still lack compactness and practicality to easily integrate them into larger experiments. This thesis considers two experiments: one conducted in France, the miniOPO; and one conducted in Australia, the SquOPO. Both are new designs of compact sources of squeezed states of light towards an integrated system. The miniOPO is a linear cavity of 5mm length between the end of a fiber and a curved mirror with a PPKTP crystal of 1mm inside it. The squeezing generated in this cavity is coupled into the fiber to be able to be brought to a measurement device (homodyne) or to a larger experiment. The cavity is resonant for the squeezed light and the pump light, and locked in frequency using self-locking effects due to absorption of the pump in the crystal. The double resonance is achieved by changing the temperature of the crystal. Two different fibers have been tested in this experiment, a standard single-mode fiber and a photonic large core single-mode fiber. The squeezing obtained is still quite low (0.5dB with the standard fiber and 0.9dB for the photonic fiber) but a number of ameliorations are investigated to increase these levels in the future. The SqOPO is a monolithic square cavity made in a Lithium Niobate crystal using four total internal reflections on the four faces of the square to define an optical mode for the squeezed mode and the pump mode. The light is coupled in the resonator using frustrated internal reflection with prisms. The distance between the prisms and the resonator defined the coupling of the light, which allows us to control the finesse of the light in the resonator and by using birefringent prisms it is possible to tune independently the two frequencies in the resonator to achieve an optimal regime. The frequency of the light is locked using absorption of the pump light in the resonator to achieve self-locking, and double resonance is controlled by tuning the temperature of the crystal. We demonstrated 2.6dB of vacuum squeezing with this system. Once again, the amount of squeezing is low, but ameliorations that could be implemented in the future are discussed.
Fiber optical parametric oscillators are being busily investigated as sources of classical light, but are comparatively neglected as potential quantum light sources. Squeezed light is a crucial resource for emerging quantum technologies for computing, communications, and measurement. The direct generation of squeezed light inside optical fiber is of particular interest due to minimal material loss, desirable mode properties and compatibility with long-distance optical networks. Here, we describe a novel all-fiber continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator developed with the aim of generating squeezed light. Our device is based on a 10 cm Fabry-Perot cavity formed by two high-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings written directly into a single section of photonic crystal fiber. This enables low-loss optical feedback and strongly resonance-enhanced four-wave mixing, with a cavity finesse of up to 400. We observe resonance-enhanced four-wave mixing in these devices, demonstrating a step towards their application as quantum light sources.
Multimode squeezed states are essential resources in quantum information processing and quantum metrology with continuous variables. Here we present the experimental generation of squeezed vacuum via the degenerate four wave mixing realized by pumping a piece of dispersion shifted fiber with mode-locked ultrafast pulse trains. The noise fluctuation is lower than the shot noise limit by 1.1 ± 0.08 dB (1.95 ± 0.17 dB after correction for detection losses). The detailed investigation illustrates that the results can be further improved by suppressing Raman scattering and by reshaping the spectrum of the local oscillator to achieve the required mode-matching of the homodyne detection system. Our study is useful for developing a compact fiber source of multi-mode squeezed vacuum.
Squeezed light is a fundamental nonclassical resource in quantum optics, and considerable progress has been made in its generation and manipulation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a compact higher-order spatial modes squeezed light source, achieved by integrating second-harmonic generation and optical parametric oscillation within a single doubly resonant cavity. The HG 2 m ,2 n pump field, which is essential for the generation of HG m , n mode squeezed states, is produced via internal second-harmonic generation, substantially enhancing both the conversion efficiency and mode purity. With this configuration, we successfully generated squeezed vacuum states in the HG 0,0 , HG 1,0 , and HG 2,0 modes, achieving squeezing levels of −4.53 ± 0.26 dB, −3.68 ± 0.19 dB, and −2.58 ± 0.08 dB, respectively. This platform provides a viable pathway for scalable, multimode quantum state generation, with broad potential in quantum metrology and quantum communication.
The squeezed states of light become more and more important in the fields of quantum enhanced precision measurement and quantum information. To get this vital continuous variable quantum resource, the generation of squeezed states of light becomes a key factor. In this paper, a compact telecom fiber-based bright squeezed light (BSL) generator is demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first time that BSL has been reported in a fiber-based system to date. To obtain the BSL, a double-pass parametric amplifier based on surface-coated lithium niobate waveguide is employed. When the 1550 nm seed laser of the parametric amplifier is blocked, a stable 1.85 dB squeezed vacuum is obtained. With injected seed power of 80 μW, an output power of 18 μW and a squeezing value of 1.04 dB are achieved of the BSL at 1550 nm. Due to the good mode matching in the fiber and the absence of the resonant cavity, this flexible and compact BSL generator has the potential to be useful in out-of-the-laboratory quantum technologies. Moreover, the BSL has a narrow spectral width of 30 kHz, which is inherited from a narrow-linewidth single-frequency seed laser. In addition to being free from the wavelength-dependent losses, the narrowband BSL is also beneficial to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum-enhanced precision measurement.
We demonstrate a squeezing experiment exploiting the association of integrated optics and telecom technology as key features for compact, stable, and practical continuous variable quantum optics. In our setup, squeezed light is generated by single pass spontaneous parametric down conversion on a lithium niobate photonic circuit and detected by an homodyne detector whose interferometric part is directly integrated on the same platform. The remaining parts of the experiment are implemented using commercial plug-and-play devices based on guided-wave technologies. We measure, for a CW pump power of 40\,mW, a squeezing level of −2.00±0.05-2.00\pm0.05−2.00±0.05\,dB, (antisqueezing +2.80±0.05+2.80\pm0.05+2.80±0.05\,dB) thus confirming the validity of our approach and opening the way toward miniaturized and easy-to-handle continuous variable based quantum systems.