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arXiv:1811.02097 · Photonics Research

Chip-based squeezing at a telecom wavelength

François Mondain, Tommaso Lunghi, Alessandro Zavatta, Élie Gouzien, Florent Doutre, Marc de Micheli, Sébastien Tanzilli, Virginia D’Auria

Published Jun 7, 2019• 88 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate a squeezing experiment exploiting the association of integrated optics and telecom technology as key features for compact, stable, and practical continuous variable quantum optics. In our setup, squeezed light is generated by single pass spontaneous parametric down conversion on a lithium niobate photonic circuit and detected by an homodyne detector whose interferometric part is directly integrated on the same platform. The remaining parts of the experiment are implemented using commercial plug-and-play devices based on guided-wave technologies. We measure, for a CW pump power of 40\,mW, a squeezing level of $-2.00\pm0.05$\,dB, (antisqueezing $+2.80\pm0.05$\,dB) thus confirming the validity of our approach and opening the way toward miniaturized and easy-to-handle continuous variable based quantum systems.

DOI
10.1364/prj.7.000a36

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Summary form only given. Squeezed light is a quantum feature which exhibits noise properties below the shot noise level (SNL), i.e. the ultimate limit for classical intensity measurements. This characteristic makes squeezing a good candidate for a large variety of applications encompassing metrology, quantum processing and communication [1]. Up to date, squeezed light is mostly generated by means of bulk optical parametric oscillators, which require complex stabilisation techniques [2], and detected with bulk homodyne like interferometers in free space, thus implying delicate alignement and spatial mode-matching procedures. These constraints demand new strategies for developing compact and easy-to-align squeezing experiments [3]. Our work addresses these issues by demonstrating a compact, versatile, telecom-compliant and easy-to-handle squeezing experiment by merging integrated optics and off-the-shelf fibred optical components. The squeezing generation and the homodyne interferometric part are fully integrated on a single chip (see Fig.1(a)), with no significant loss between these two stages and no spatial mode matching concerns. Moreover, with the only exception of homodyne photodiodes, all the other building blocks of our experiment are realized by means of guided-wave components.
Quantum optical technologies promise advances in sensing, computing, and communication. A key resource is squeezed light, where quantum noise is redistributed between optical quadratures. We introduce a monolithic, chip-scale platform that exploits the χ (2) nonlinearity of a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) resonator device to efficiently generate squeezed states of light. Our system integrates all essential components—except for the laser and two detectors—on a single chip with an area of one square centimeter, reducing the size, operational complexity, and power consumption associated with conventional setups. Using the balanced homodyne measurement subsystem that we implemented on the same chip, we measure a squeezing of 0.55 decibels and an anti-squeezing of 1.55 decibels. We use 20 milliwatts of input power to generate the parametric oscillator pump field by using second harmonic generation on the same chip. Our work represents a step toward compact and efficient quantum optical systems posed to leverage the rapid advances in integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics.