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arXiv:1710.07612

Quantum communication by means of collapse of the wave function

Riuji Mochizuki

Published Oct 13, 2017• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We show that quantum communication by means of collapse of the wave function is possible. In this study, quantum communication does not mean quantum teleportation or quantum cryptography, but transmission of information itself. Because of consistency with special relativity, the possibility of the quantum communication leads to another conclusion that the collapse of the wave function must propagate at the speed of light or slower. We show this requirement is consistent with nonlocality in quantum mechanics. We also demonstrate that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment does not disprove our conclusion.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1710.07612

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We show that quantum communication by means of collapse of the wave function is possible. In this study, quantum communication does not mean quantum teleportation or quantum cryptography, but transmission of information itself. Because of consistency with special relativity, the possibility of the quantum communication leads to another conclusion that the collapse of the wave function must propagate at the speed of light or slower. We show this requirement is consistent with nonlocality in quantum mechanics. We also demonstrate that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment does not disprove our conclusion.
A theory is developed which attempts to reconcile the measurements of nonlocal quantum observables with special relativity and quantum mechanics. The collapse of a wave function, which coincides with a nonlocal measurement by some macroscopic measuring device, is associated with the triggering of an absorber mechanism due to the interaction of the apparatus with the charges in the rest of the universe. The standard retarded electromagnetic field plus radiation damping is converted, for a short time during the collapse of the wave function, to an advanced field plus radiation. The reversal of the arrow of time during the wave function reduction permits communication in nonlocal quantum experiments at the speed of light, resolving paradoxes associated with measurements of correlated quantum states and special relativity. The absorber mechanism and the advanced field solution are consistent with conventional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker expanding universes.
A physical theory without interpretation is mathematics. Since there are no paradoxes in science, only incorrect interpretations of phenomena or inadequate theories, it is necessary to use a consistent interpretation of quantum mechanics that makes physical sense and satisfies the experimental facts. Quantum "teleportation" provides such an example because the current treatments rely on unexplained connections between separated correlated particles. In this comment, a mechanism is suggested that avoids the instantaneous wave function collapse between non-interacting entangled particles at space like separations. This mechanism requires a statistical ensemble interpretation of the wave function.
Instantaneous teleportation-the transmission and reconstruction over arbitrary distances of an unknown state without any type of disambiguation based on classical bits-is demonstrated, supporting the fact that instantaneous information transfer via an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channel is definitely possible. In other words, quantum correlations can be used to send signals, reinforcing the existence of an action at a distance, hence, paving the way for a better understanding of quantum entanglement and its consequent impact on Quantum Internet, as well as, on a realistic relationship between Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
A possible mechanism of nonlinear quantum evolution is introduced and its implications for quantum communication are investigated. First, it is argued that an appropriate combination of wavefunction collapse and the consciousness of observer may permit the observer to distinguish nonorthogonal quantum states in principle, and thus consciousness will introduce certain nonlinearity into quantum dynamics. Next, it is shown that the distinguishability of nonorthogonal states can be used to achieve quantum superluminal communication, by which information can be transmitted nonlocally and faster than the speed of light. Finally, the issue of apparent incompatibility between superluminal communication and special relativity is briefly addressed.
Single electron may have wavefunction of a macroscopic lengthscale but cannot be detected in two places. At the Solvay Conference of 1927, Einstein argued that in a combination with Bohr's postulate about wavefunction as an exhaustive characteristics of electron, this fact implies nonlocality related to the collapse of a macroscopic wavefunction of single electron. This was his objection to Bohr's quantum mechanics (QM) in favor of de Broglie's quantum theory. We perform an experimental test in low-temperature state of matter where electrons have macroscopic orbit-like wavefunctions and surprisingly observe nonlocality of that type. This nonlocality differs in principle from the well-known Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) nonlocality because the former does not imply quantum entanglement and hence is beyond the no-communication theorem. Our observation is the first empirical justification of the choice in favor of QM in compare with de Broglie's theory. Moreover, now we can expand the current concept of reality and thus open the door to a realistic interpretation of quantum formalism. Ultimately, we thus come to a quantum model of Universe based on the standard QM.
One of the key mysteries of quantum mechanics is the apparent faster-than-light communication between entangled particles. This was one of the qualms highlighted by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in their famous EPR paper. Here, the locality of quantum systems and quantum mechanics is analyzed with reference to the phenomena of quantum teleportation. It is found that while information appears as though it is propagating nonlocally, in reality it can be explained using a local theory. The ideas of a nonlocal correlation and nonlocal information must be separated. Particularly, the concept of locally hidden or inaccessible information within subsystems of a wider quantum system is explained. Furthermore, it is shown that while some hidden-variable theories are proposed, they are not experimentally conclusive and do not provide a complete or better explanation of quantum mechanics.