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Is instantaneous quantum Internet possible?

Mario Mastriani

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Instantaneous teleportation-the transmission and reconstruction over arbitrary distances of an unknown state without any type of disambiguation based on classical bits-is demonstrated, supporting the fact that instantaneous information transfer via an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channel is definitely possible. In other words, quantum correlations can be used to send signals, reinforcing the existence of an action at a distance, hence, paving the way for a better understanding of quantum entanglement and its consequent impact on Quantum Internet, as well as, on a realistic relationship between Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.

DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.35132.08329/6

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•Oct 1, 2017•0 citations
Instantaneous teleportation-the transmission and reconstruction over arbitrary distances of an unknown state without any type of disambiguation based on classical bits-is demonstrated, supporting the fact that instantaneous information transfer via an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channel is definitely possible. In other words, quantum correlations can be used to send signals, reinforcing the existence of an action at a distance, hence, paving the way for a better understanding of quantum entanglement and its consequent impact on Quantum Internet, as well as, on a realistic relationship between Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
An unknown quantum state jOEi can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from, purely classical information and purely nonclassical EPR correlations. To do so the sender, "Alice," and the receiver, "Bob," must prearrange the sharing of an EPRcorrelated pair of particles. Alice makes a joint measurement on her EPR particle and the unknown quantum system, and sends Bob the classical result of this measurement. Knowing this, Bob can convert the state of his EPR particle into an exact replica of the unknown state jOEi which Alice destroyed. Expanded version of manuscript submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. December 1992 PACS numbers: 03.65.Bz, 42.50.Dv, 89.70.+c (a) Permanent address. The existence of long range correlations between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) [1] pairs of particles raises the question of their use for information transfer. Einstein himself used the word "telepathically" in this context [2]. It is known that instantaneous information transfer is definitely impossib...
Quantum Teleportation is the key communication functionality of the Quantum Internet, allowing the “transmission” of qubits without the physical transfer of the particle storing the qubit. Quantum teleportation is facilitated by the action of quantum entanglement, a somewhat counter-intuitive physical phenomenon with no direct counterpart in the classical word. As a consequence, the very concept of the classical communication system model has to be redesigned to account for the peculiarities of quantum teleportation. This re-design is a crucial prerequisite for constructing any effective quantum communication protocol. The aim of this manuscript is to shed light on this key concept, with the objective of allowing the reader: i) to appreciate the fundamental differences between the transmission of classical information versus the teleportation of quantum information; ii) to understand the communications functionalities underlying quantum teleportation, and to grasp the challenges in the design and practical employment of these functionalities; iii) to acknowledge that quantum information is subject to the deleterious effects of a noise process termed as quantum decoherence. This imperfection has no direct counterpart in the classical world; iv) to recognize how to contribute to the design and employment of the Quantum Internet.
Let's be precise about what quantum teleportation is, because the word "teleportation" does a lot of misleading work. The finding today is this: quantum teleportation is a protocol for transferring an unknown quantum state from one location to another using shared entanglement and two classical bits of communication. It is not instantaneous transport of matter or energy, and no physical object travels faster than light. Why does this matter? Because the field is currently buzzing with demonstrations like Oxford's recent work teleporting states between distant processors. That's a real engineering milestone, but it can obscure the conceptual core. If you misunderstand the mechanism, you will misunderstand what scaling actually requires. The problem is not "how fast can we send a qubit," but "how do we maintain entanglement and classical synchronization across distance and noise." Here is the mechanism, stated plainly. You start with an unknown state on qubit A, and a shared entangled Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
By quantum teleportation an unknown quantum state is destroyed at a sending place while its perfect replica state appears at a remote place via dual quantum and classical channels. Quantum teleportation allows for the transmission of quantum information to a distant location despite the impossibility of measuring or broadcasting the information to be transmitted. e classical teleportation is like a fax in which one could scan an object and send the information so that the object can be reconstructed at the destination. In this conventional facsimile transmission, the original object is scanned to extract partial information about it. e scanned information is then sent to the receiving station, where it is used to produce an approximate copy of the original object. e original object remains intact a er the scanning process. By contrast, in quantum teleportation, the uncertainty principle forbids any scanning process from extracting all the information in a quantum state. e nonlocal property of quantum mechanics enables the striking phenomenon of quantum teleportation. Bennett and coworkers28 showed that a quantum state can be teleported, provided one does not know that state, using a celebrated and paradoxical feature of quantum mechanics known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) e ect.11 ey found a way to scan out part of the information from an object A, which one wishes to teleport, while causing the remaining part of the information to pass to an object B, via the EPR e ect. In this process, two objects B and C form an entangled pair; object C is taken to the sending station, while object B is taken to the receiving station. At the sending station, object C is scanned together with the original object A, yielding some information and totally disrupting the state of A and C. e scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is used to select one of several treatments to be applied to object B, thereby putting B into an exact replica of the former state of A.
This study reports an experimental realization of non-local classical optical correlation from the Bell's measurement used in tests of quantum non-locality. Based on such a classical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen optical correlation, a classical analogy has been implemented to the true meaning of quantum teleportation. In the experimental teleportation protocol, the initial teleported information can be unknown to anyone and the information transfer can happen over arbitrary distances. The obtained results give novel insight into quantum physics and may open a new field of applications in quantum information.
What is proposed here is a simple modication in the quantum protocol [1] for achieving instantaneous teleportation of arbitrary quantum state from Alice to Bob even when Bob is several light years away. This modied quantum protocol is constructed by adding a step the in the celebrated quantum teleportation protocol [1]. It consists of the action of a unitary operator to be performed by Alice on the qubits in her possession before she does the Bell basis measurement. It is important to note that the existing quantum teleportation protocol [1] requires certain classical communication between the participants, Alice and Bob, and we are going to eliminate this classical communication through our modification. In the existing protocol [1] Alice requires sending the classical bits generated during her Bell basis measurement over a classical channel to Bob for Bob to use these classical bits to determine the exact recovery operation to be performed on the qubit(s) in his possession for creating the exactly identical copy of unknown quantum state that was with Alice and got destroyed during her Bell basis measurement. Alice cannot send the classical bits she obtained to Bob with the speed faster than that of light since it is the well known experimentally veried universal upper limit on the speed. We show that by incorporating suitable unitary operation to be performed by Alice on her qubits before the Bell basis measurement the requirement of the transmission of classical bits by Alice to Bob for the creation of the unknown quantum state by Bob at his place can be completely eliminated. Our modification in the teleportation protocols [1], [2] thus clearly demonstrates the enormous advantage of remaining in the quantum regime and avoiding the requirement of any classical communication for the teleportation of the quantum states.