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arXiv:1710.06354 · Physical Review Applied

Noise Reduction in Photon Counting by Exploiting Spatial Correlations

Jan Peřina, Václav Michálek, Ondřej Haderka

Published Oct 27, 2017• 6 citations
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Abstract

Sometimes you need a steady drip, not a torrent---as in certain optics experiments, where the precise number of photons in each ``drip'' of a faint beam is important. The authors use an intensified charge-coupled device as a photon-number-resolving detector with spatial resolution, to study at once the joint photocount distributions and spatial correlations of weak twin beams of light. Compared to the usual analysis of photocount distributions, their spatially resolved analysis provides additional information about the statistical properties of the beams, and allows noise reduction.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.8.044018

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Sometimes you need a steady drip, not a torrent---as in certain optics experiments, where the precise number of photons in each ``drip'' of a faint beam is important. The authors use an intensified charge-coupled device as a photon-number-resolving detector with spatial resolution, to study at once the joint photocount distributions and spatial correlations of weak twin beams of light. Compared to the usual analysis of photocount distributions, their spatially resolved analysis provides additional information about the statistical properties of the beams, and allows noise reduction.
Photons in twin beams exhibit correlations in both photon number and spatial detection position. Here spatial correlations in detection positions are exploited to develop a method for reconstructing the joint photon-number distribution of a twin beam from the experimental photocount histograms. This considerably reduces experimental noise, making it superior to the usual methods. This practical reconstruction method for spatially resolved photon counting is suitable for any application that requires joint photon-number distributions of twin beams, in e.g.e.g.e.g. metrology, or future quantum communication protocols.
States obtained from multimode twin beams by symmetric as well as asymmetric photon subtraction are experimentally investigated. Using the joint photocount distributions measured by an intensified CCD camera, their joint photon-number distributions are reconstructed. Mean photon numbers, Fano factors, and noise-reduction parameters are determined for the group of states reached by subtracting up to four photocounts in each beam. Photon subtraction is monitored using the nonclassicality depths and joint quasidistributions of integrated intensities of the emerging states. The non-Gaussianity of the obtained states is also determined. The states reached by coherent photon subtraction are also analyzed. The investigations represent an important step towards the use of photon-subtracted twin beams in sub-shot-noise metrology and imaging. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
A scheme for building stronger multimode twin beams from a greater number of identical twin beams sufficiently weak so that single-photon-sensitive on-off detectors suffice for their detection is studied. The statistical properties of these compound twin beams involving nonclassicality are analyzed for intensities up to hundreds of photon pairs. Their properties are compared with those of genuine twin beams that require photon-number-resolving detectors for their experimental investigation. The use of such compound twin beams for the generation of sub-Poissonian light and for the measurement of absorption with sub-shot-noise precision is analyzed. A suitable theoretical model for compound twin beams is developed to interpret the experimental data.