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arXiv:1706.06237 · Optics Express

Single-photon cesium Rydberg excitation spectroscopy using 3186-nm UV laser and room-temperature vapor cell

Jieying Wang, Jiandong Bai, Jun He, Junmin Wang

Published Sep 7, 2017• 26 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

(n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.
DOI
10.1364/oe.25.022510

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Single-photon cesium Rydberg excitation spectroscopy by using of 318.6-nm UV laser and room-temperature cesium vapor cell

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We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from 6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser,and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained by transmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2, F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferred to Rydberg state .Analysis reveals that the observed spectra are velocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude and linewidth influenced by lasers'Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fitting to energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.

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Physical Review A•Apr 5, 2019•17 citations
We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from 6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser,and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained by transmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2, F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferred to Rydberg state .Analysis reveals that the observed spectra are velocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude and linewidth influenced by lasers'Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fitting to energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.
A narrow-linewidth continuous-wave single-frequency tunable 318.6-nm ultraviolet laser system with watt-level output power is developed in our experiment based on well-developed fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, and efficient laser frequency conversion technique. Cesium 6S1/2—nP3/2 (n = 70—94) single-photon Rydberg excitation in a room-temperature cesium atomic vapor cell is realized by using our ultraviolet laser system. The single-photon Rydberg excitation signal is obtained via the V-type three-level atomic system which contains 6S1/2 (F = 4) ground state, 6P3/2 (F = 5) excited state and one of nP3/2 (n = 70—94) Rydberg states. When cesium atoms populated on the ground state are partially excited to Rydberg state by the ultraviolet laser, absorption of 852.3-nm probe beam which is locked to 6S1/2 (F = 4)—6P3/2 (F ′ = 5) hyperfine transition will decrease. In this way, the cesium Rydberg states are detected. The quantum defects for cesium nP3/2 (n = 70—94) Rydberg states are experimentally measured with a high-precision wavemeter. The variation trend of experimentally measured data deviates from that of calculated values. Due to the fact that the cesium vapor cell is positioned in a magnetic shielding tank, the Zeeman effect can be ignored. Considering that the polarizability of Rydberg atoms is proportional to (n*)7, in which n* is the effective principal quantum number, the Rydberg screen effect of cesium atomic vapor cell cannot completely protect cesium atoms from being perturbed by an external DC electric field. Therefore the residual DC electric field existing inside the cesium vapor cell will have a significant influence on quantum defect measurement of Rydberg atoms. Using the theoretical model of Stark effect and the relationship between polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the effective principal quantum number n*, the corrected experimental value of quantum defect for cesium nP3/2 (n = 70—94) Rydberg states is found to be ~(3.5591 ± 0.0007). The corrected experimental value of quantum defect is consistent with the calculation.
We demonstrate the single-photon excitation spectra of cesium Rydberg atoms by means of a Doppler-free purely all-optical detection with a room-temperature vapor cell and a 319 nm ultra-violet (UV) laser. We excite atoms directly from 6S1/2 ground state to 71P3/2 Rydberg state with a narrow-linewidth 319 nm UV laser. The detection of Rydberg states is performed by monitoring the absorption of an 852 nm probe beam in a V-type three-level system. With a strong coupling light, we observe the Autler-Townes (AT) doublet, and the dependences of the separation and linewidths on the coupling intensity are experimentally investigated, which is consistent with the prediction based on the dressed state theory. Moreover, the AT splitting can be used to measure the Rabi frequency. In an external magnetic field, the Rydberg spectra of nondegenerate Zeeman sublevels are demonstrated. The splitting of the spectrum is of great significance for studying the characteristics of Rydberg atoms.
Nowadays the long-range dipole-dipole interaction between highly-excited Rydberg atoms at micrometer distance become promising way to establish the atom-atom quantum entanglement and to implement the two-qubit logic gate. For alkali metal atoms, single-photon excitation from the ground state to the desired Rydberg state demands powerful narrow-linewidth ultra-violet (UV) laser, which is very challenging. Maybe just because of this, the studies of single-photon Rydberg excitation of alkali metal atoms are rare. Alternatively people have employed the two-photon or three-photon Rydberg excitation scheme. However, comparing with the single-photon Rydberg excitation, the two-photon or three-photon scheme has following drawbacks: atomic decoherence due to the photon scattering from the lower and upper transitions, and light shift of the involved ground state and Rydberg state due to the lower and upper transition laser beams. Thanks to the efficient laser frequency conversion technology with PPXX material and the well-developed commercial fiber laser as well as fiber amplifier, we have implemented a tunable 318.6-nm UV laser system based on the cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation following the single-pass sum-frequency generation of 1560.5-nm and 1076.9-nm fiber-amplified lasers. More than 2-Watt output of the 318.6-nm UV laser has been achieved with a typical linewidth of smaller than 10 kHz. Employing the UV laser system we have demonstrated a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms. Partial Cs atoms can be directly excited from 6S_1/2 ground state to nP_3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states, and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained with transmission enhancement of a probe beam locked to Cs 6S_1/2 (F = 4) - 6P_3/2 (F’ = 5) cycling transition because partial population on the ground state (F = 4) are transferred to Rydberg state. The quantum defect for Cs nP_3/2 (n = 70 -100) Rydberg states is determined experimentally. Further more, the demodulated single-photon Rydberg excitation spectrum is employed to stabilize the UV laser to specific Cs Rydberg transition to improve the laser frequency stability. References: [1] Opt. Express 25 (2017) p.22510; [2] J. Opt. 19 (2017) 045501; [3] J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33 (2016) p.2020; [4] Opt. Commun. 370 (2016) p.150. Funding: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61475091).
We report the measurement of transition frequencies of Rb85 atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell to nP1/2 (n=34–53) and nP3/2 (n=34–87) Rydberg levels by observing single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy. Based on the spectroscopic data, we determine quantum defects that are in good agreement with previous measurements of low-lying Rydberg states. Furthermore, the residuals between observed and calculated values of fine-splitting intervals in our experiments are found to be less than 10 MHz.
We report the measurement of the absolute transition frequencies of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms to the nP1/2n{P}_{1/2}nP1/2​ (n=34−−52n=34--52n=34−−52) and nP3/2n{P}_{3/2}nP3/2​ (n=34−−90n=34--90n=34−−90) Rydberg states by performing single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy in a vapor cell. Rydberg transitions were detected by monitoring the transmission of a 780-nm probe beam. Based on the spectroscopic data, we determined the fine-splitting intervals and oscillator-strength ratios of the nPnPnP doublets and also extracted the quantum defects and ionization frequency. These results extend the spectroscopic information of the nPnPnP Rydberg series, providing basic knowledge for further applications to Rydberg atoms.