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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Measurement of 85Rb nP-state transition frequencies via single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy

Meng Li, Bo Li, Xiaojun Jiang, Jun Qian, Xiaolin Li, Liang Liu

Published Jun 17, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the measurement of transition frequencies of Rb85 atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell to nP1/2 (n=34–53) and nP3/2 (n=34–87) Rydberg levels by observing single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy. Based on the spectroscopic data, we determine quantum defects that are in good agreement with previous measurements of low-lying Rydberg states. Furthermore, the residuals between observed and calculated values of fine-splitting intervals in our experiments are found to be less than 10 MHz.

DOI
10.1364/josab.36.001850

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We report the measurement of transition frequencies of Rb85 atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell to nP1/2 (n=34–53) and nP3/2 (n=34–87) Rydberg levels by observing single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy. Based on the spectroscopic data, we determine quantum defects that are in good agreement with previous measurements of low-lying Rydberg states. Furthermore, the residuals between observed and calculated values of fine-splitting intervals in our experiments are found to be less than 10 MHz.
We report the measurement of the absolute transition frequencies of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms to the nP1/2n{P}_{1/2}nP1/2​ (n=34−−52n=34--52n=34−−52) and nP3/2n{P}_{3/2}nP3/2​ (n=34−−90n=34--90n=34−−90) Rydberg states by performing single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy in a vapor cell. Rydberg transitions were detected by monitoring the transmission of a 780-nm probe beam. Based on the spectroscopic data, we determined the fine-splitting intervals and oscillator-strength ratios of the nPnPnP doublets and also extracted the quantum defects and ionization frequency. These results extend the spectroscopic information of the nPnPnP Rydberg series, providing basic knowledge for further applications to Rydberg atoms.
We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from 6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser,and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained by transmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2, F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferred to Rydberg state .Analysis reveals that the observed spectra are velocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude and linewidth influenced by lasers'Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fitting to energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.
We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb to nSnSnS and nDnDnD Rydberg states. The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell. The accuracy of the measurement of each state is $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$1 MHz, which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter, respectively. Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of 87Rb{}^{87}\text{Rb}87Rb, and compare it with previous measurements on 85Rb{}^{85}\text{Rb}85Rb. We determine the ionization frequency from the 5S1/2(F=1)5{S}_{1/2}(F=1)5S1/2​(F=1) ground state of 87Rb{}^{87}\text{Rb}87Rb to 1010.0291646(3)THz1010.029 164 6(3)\mathrm{THz}1010.0291646(3)THz, providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude.
A narrow-linewidth continuous-wave single-frequency tunable 318.6-nm ultraviolet laser system with watt-level output power is developed in our experiment based on well-developed fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, and efficient laser frequency conversion technique. Cesium 6S1/2—nP3/2 (n = 70—94) single-photon Rydberg excitation in a room-temperature cesium atomic vapor cell is realized by using our ultraviolet laser system. The single-photon Rydberg excitation signal is obtained via the V-type three-level atomic system which contains 6S1/2 (F = 4) ground state, 6P3/2 (F = 5) excited state and one of nP3/2 (n = 70—94) Rydberg states. When cesium atoms populated on the ground state are partially excited to Rydberg state by the ultraviolet laser, absorption of 852.3-nm probe beam which is locked to 6S1/2 (F = 4)—6P3/2 (F ′ = 5) hyperfine transition will decrease. In this way, the cesium Rydberg states are detected. The quantum defects for cesium nP3/2 (n = 70—94) Rydberg states are experimentally measured with a high-precision wavemeter. The variation trend of experimentally measured data deviates from that of calculated values. Due to the fact that the cesium vapor cell is positioned in a magnetic shielding tank, the Zeeman effect can be ignored. Considering that the polarizability of Rydberg atoms is proportional to (n*)7, in which n* is the effective principal quantum number, the Rydberg screen effect of cesium atomic vapor cell cannot completely protect cesium atoms from being perturbed by an external DC electric field. Therefore the residual DC electric field existing inside the cesium vapor cell will have a significant influence on quantum defect measurement of Rydberg atoms. Using the theoretical model of Stark effect and the relationship between polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the effective principal quantum number n*, the corrected experimental value of quantum defect for cesium nP3/2 (n = 70—94) Rydberg states is found to be ~(3.5591 ± 0.0007). The corrected experimental value of quantum defect is consistent with the calculation.
We report the measurement of the quantum defects of 85Rb P3/2 and F7/2-series Rydberg levels in a room temperature vapor cell by microwave-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy. First, a novel microwave optical three-photon excitation method is employed to obtain the microwave-assisted EIT spectroscopy of the 5S1/2 − 5P3/2 – nD5/2 – (n+1)P3/2 or (n-1)F7/2 transition. Next, the Stark shifts of the corresponding Rydberg states relative to the Rabi frequency of microwave field are measured with high accuracy. Finally, the quantum defects, δ0 = 2.64142(15), δ2 = 0.295 for P3/2-series, and δ0 = 0.016411(16), δ2 = -0.0784 for F7/2-series, are forcibly extracted by the modified Rydberg-Ritz formula. This result can serve as a check on advanced theoretical calculations and promote the application of quantum simulations and quantum sensors in atomic ensembles.