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arXiv:1612.00975 · Laser Physics Letters

Manipulation of quantum states in a memory cell: controllable Mach–Zehnder interferometer

A S Losev, T. Yu. Golubeva, Yu. M. Golubev

Published Apr 12, 2017• 1 citation
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Abstract

Abstract In this article, we consider the possibility of manipulation of quantum signals, ensured by the use of the tripod-type atomic memory cell. We show that depending on a configuration of driving fields at the writing and reading, such a cell allows the signal to both be stored and transformed. It is possible to provide the operation of the memory cell in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer mode passing two successive pulses at the input. We proposed a procedure of partial signal readout that provides entanglement between the retrieved light and the atomic ensemble. Thus, we have shown that a tripod atomic cell is a promising candidate to implement quantum logical operations, including two-qubit ones, which can be performed on the basis of only one cell.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/aa69f8

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Abstract In this article, we consider the possibility of manipulation of quantum signals, ensured by the use of the tripod-type atomic memory cell. We show that depending on a configuration of driving fields at the writing and reading, such a cell allows the signal to both be stored and transformed. It is possible to provide the operation of the memory cell in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer mode passing two successive pulses at the input. We proposed a procedure of partial signal readout that provides entanglement between the retrieved light and the atomic ensemble. Thus, we have shown that a tripod atomic cell is a promising candidate to implement quantum logical operations, including two-qubit ones, which can be performed on the basis of only one cell.
Abstract We have considered theoretically the feasibility of broadband quantum memory based on the resonant tripod-type atomic configuration. In this case, the writing of a signal field is carried out simultaneously into two channels, and characterized by an excitation of two spin waves of the atomic ensemble. With simultaneous read out from both channels, quantum properties of the original signal are mapped onto the retrieval pulse no worse than in the case of memory based on a Λ-type atomic configuration. At the same time new possibilities are opened up for the manipulation of quantum states associated with sequential reading out (and/or sequential writing) of signal pulses. For example, a pulse in the squeezed state is converted into two partially entangled pulses with partially squeezed quadratures. Alternatively, two independent signal pulses with orthogonally squeezed quadratures can be converted into two entangled pulses.
The possibility of preserving an entangled state of two signal pulses during writing and retrieval processes in a multimode quantum memory is investigated. Two stationary laser sources of light squeezed in two orthogonal quadratures are used for generation of the entangled state. “Carved out” pulses of appropriate duration are mixed on a symmetric beamsplitter, which allows obtaining the desired entanglement. It is assumed that each of the obtained entangled pulses is stored in a separate memory cell and subsequently retrieved from it. The obtained analytical expressions for Duan entanglement criterion are analyzed numerically for the case of broadband memory. It is demonstrated that the entanglement of pulses can be effectively preserved not only in the case of symmetric geometry of the experiment, wherein both pulses are written in two identical independent memory cells, but also in the case of different memory cells and even when one of the cells is absent completely. An important distinguishing feature of the problem under consideration, compared to the single mode case where high memory efficiency ensures good preservation of quantum properties of light, is the possibility of obtaining good preservation of entanglement at low memory efficiency (under shortened readout times).
Quantum memory can operate not only as a write-in/readout device [1] for quantum light pulses and non-classical states generation [2] device but also as a quantum states of light transformer. Here the addressable parallel quantum memory [3] possibilities for this type of transformation are researched. Quantum memory operates as a conventional N-port interferometer with N equals to the number of the involved spin waves. As example we consider the ability to transform quantum states of two light pulses – in this case the quantum memory works as a mirror with a controlled transmission factor.
In this paper, we examined a possibility of preservation of a substantially multimode radiation in a single cell of quantum memory. As a light source we considered a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). As was shown in several studies, SPOPO radiation has a large number of the correlated modes making it attractive for the purposes of quantum communication and computing. We showed that these correlations can be mapped on the longitudinal spin waves of the memory cell and be restored later in the readout light. The efficiencies of the writing and readout depend on the mode structure of the memory determined by a mechanism of the light-matter interaction under consideration (the nonresonance Raman interaction) and by the profile of the driving light field. We showed that like the initial light pulse train, the restored one can be represented by a set of squeezed supermodes. The mapping of the quantum multimode correlations on the material medium offers opportunities to manipulate the quantum states within the memory cell followed by the reading of the transformed state.
The addressability of parallel spatially multimode quantum memory for light allows one to control independent collective spin waves within the same cold atomic ensemble. Generally speaking, there are transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom of the memory that one can address by a proper choice of the pump (control) field spatial pattern. Here we concentrate on the mutual evolution and transformation of quantum states of the longitudinal modes of collective spin coherence in the cavity-based memory scheme. We assume that these modes are coherently controlled by the pump waves of the on-demand transverse profile, that is, by the superpositions of waves propagating in the directions close to orthogonal to the cavity axis. By the write-in, this allows one to couple a time sequence of the incoming quantized signals to a given set of superpositions of orthogonal spin waves. By the readout, one can retrieve quantum states of the collective spin waves that are controllable superpositions of the initial ones and are coupled on demand to the output signal sequence. In a general case, the memory is able to operate as a controllable delayed multi-port beamsplitter, capable of transformation of the delays, the durations and time shapes of signals in the sequence. We elaborate the theory of such light-matter interface for the spatially multivariate cavity-based off-resonant Raman-type quantum memory. Since, in order to speed up the manipulation of complex signals in multivariate memories, it might be of interest to store relatively short light pulses of a given time shape, we also address some issues of the cavity-based memory operation beyond the bad cavity limit.