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Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Cell for Realization of Quantum Computer; A Feasibility Study

Mobin Motaharifar, Hassan Kaatuzian

Published May 9, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this study, the basic hardware for manipulating photons' quantum states, the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), is theoretically studied. An array of these MZI cells make up Programmable Nanophotonic Processor. This paper focuses on MZI quantum information processing capabilities. Simulation results of these cells will be reported and the possible use of squeezed state of light is discussed.

DOI
10.1109/icee59167.2023.10334740

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In this study, the basic hardware for manipulating photons' quantum states, the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), is theoretically studied. An array of these MZI cells make up Programmable Nanophotonic Processor. This paper focuses on MZI quantum information processing capabilities. Simulation results of these cells will be reported and the possible use of squeezed state of light is discussed.
Abstract In this article, we consider the possibility of manipulation of quantum signals, ensured by the use of the tripod-type atomic memory cell. We show that depending on a configuration of driving fields at the writing and reading, such a cell allows the signal to both be stored and transformed. It is possible to provide the operation of the memory cell in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer mode passing two successive pulses at the input. We proposed a procedure of partial signal readout that provides entanglement between the retrieved light and the atomic ensemble. Thus, we have shown that a tripod atomic cell is a promising candidate to implement quantum logical operations, including two-qubit ones, which can be performed on the basis of only one cell.
Abstract : Photons play a central role in many areas of quantum information processing and quantum sensing, ranging from linear optics quantum computing and quantum simulation to quantum communications. A central problem in many of these applications is the need to control many spatial and temporal modes with high efficiency and precision. Photonic integrated circuits can contain closely-spaced and extremely phase-stable components that enable precision control of many spatial and temporal modes in dielectric waveguides. This program developed photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on the silicon-on-insulator platform. We developed large-scale PICs with cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) with precision electro-optic modulators. These PICs have very low internal losses (0.1 dB/MZI) and achieve exceptionally high contrast interference ( 80 dB) over tens of spatial modes. These fully programmable mode transformers have driven experimental and theoretical advances in quantum simulation, cluster-state quantum computing, all-optical quantum repeaters, neuromorphic computing, and other applications. In addition, we developed new schemes for ballistic quantum computation, new methods for high-efficiency single photon sources, a new approach for 3-photon cluster state generation that forms the essential ingredient for percolation-based generation of scalable cluster states, and quantum logic gates based on weak optical nonlinearities.
We study a scheme for Mach–Zehnder (MZ) interferometer as a quantum linear device by injecting two-mode squeezed input states into two ports of interferometer. Two-mode squeezed states can be changed into two types of inputs for MZ interferometer: two squeezed states and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entangled states. The interference patterns of the MZ interferometer vary periodically as the relative phase of the two arms of the interferometer is scanned, and are measured by the balanced homodyne detection system. Our experiments show that there are different interference patterns and periodicity of the output quantum states for two cases which depend on the relative phase of input optical fields. Since MZ interferometer can be used to realize some quantum operations, this work will have the important applications in quantum information and metrology.
Integrated Mach-Zehnder (MZ) quantum optic circuit is one of most promising approaches for generation and reconfiguration of complex quantum interference. Here, multi photons quantum entanglement is formulated in terms of thermooptic phase change in MZ interferometer having 3 dB two mode interference couplers (MZ-TMI). The manipulation of quantum entanglement is demonstrated theoretically, opening a way to design silicon based quantum optic technology platform for quantum processing applications. Our results also provide multi-photon quantum interference with high fabrication tolerance and fidelity of 0.98 ± 0.01 within smaller dimension than previous implementation of MZ component.
A comprehensive theoretical analysis of the cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) in single-photon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SMZI) based switches and single quantum gates that are intended for the processing of quantum information encoded in the polarization of single photons inside integrated photonic crystal (PC) quantum networks is presented. These devices rely on manipulating the geometrical phase of single photons by means of the Single-Photon Faraday Effect (SPFE), which can be described in terms of a detuned single mode quantum field strongly interacting with a two-level system or quantum dot (QD) inside nanocavities. The feasibility of such devices depends on the ability for the field in each arm of the interferometer to couple in their respective nanocavities, successfully interact with the quantum dot, and when the appropriate phase is accumulated couple out; all these steps being performed with minimum phase error and losses. Using the Jaynes-Cummings model, the cavity dynamics is studied for various detuning energies and coupling energies, and it is shown that the design of these devices can achieve low phase error and robustness against fabrication errors.
Combining the recent progress in semiconductor nanostructures along with the versatility of photonic crystals in confining and manipulating light, quantum networks allow for the prospect of an integrated and low power quantum technology. Within quantum networks, which consist of a system of waveguides and nanocavities with embedded quantum dots, it has been demonstrated in theory that many-qubit states stored in electron spins could be teleported from one quantum dot to another via a single photon using the single-photon Faraday effect. However, in addition to being able to transfer quantum information from one location to another, quantum networks need added functionality such as (1) controlling the flow of the quantum information and (2) performing specific operations on qubits that can be easily integrated. In this paper, we show how a single-photon Mach–Zehnder interferometer (SMZI), that uses the concept of the single-photon Faraday effect to manipulate the polarization of a single photon, can be operated both as a switch to control the flow of quantum information inside the quantum network and as various single-qubit quantum gates to perform operations on a single photon. Given that the X gate, the Z gate, and the XZ gate are essential for the implementation of quantum teleportation, we show explicitly their implementation by means of our proposed SMZI. We also present the implementation of the Hadamard gate and the single-qubit phase gate, which are needed to complete the universal set of quantum gates for integrated quantum computing in a quantum network. Finally, the expected fidelity and robustness of the proposed SMZI are quantitatively explored by considering the phase errors within the SMZI.