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arXiv:1602.02364 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Storage and conversion of quantum-statistical properties of light in resonant quantum memory on a tripod atomic configuration

A S Losev, K. S. Tikhonov, T. Yu. Golubeva, Yu. M. Golubev

Published Sep 15, 2016• 5 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We have considered theoretically the feasibility of broadband quantum memory based on the resonant tripod-type atomic configuration. In this case, the writing of a signal field is carried out simultaneously into two channels, and characterized by an excitation of two spin waves of the atomic ensemble. With simultaneous read out from both channels, quantum properties of the original signal are mapped onto the retrieval pulse no worse than in the case of memory based on a Λ-type atomic configuration. At the same time new possibilities are opened up for the manipulation of quantum states associated with sequential reading out (and/or sequential writing) of signal pulses. For example, a pulse in the squeezed state is converted into two partially entangled pulses with partially squeezed quadratures. Alternatively, two independent signal pulses with orthogonally squeezed quadratures can be converted into two entangled pulses.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/49/19/195501

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Abstract We have considered theoretically the feasibility of broadband quantum memory based on the resonant tripod-type atomic configuration. In this case, the writing of a signal field is carried out simultaneously into two channels, and characterized by an excitation of two spin waves of the atomic ensemble. With simultaneous read out from both channels, quantum properties of the original signal are mapped onto the retrieval pulse no worse than in the case of memory based on a Λ-type atomic configuration. At the same time new possibilities are opened up for the manipulation of quantum states associated with sequential reading out (and/or sequential writing) of signal pulses. For example, a pulse in the squeezed state is converted into two partially entangled pulses with partially squeezed quadratures. Alternatively, two independent signal pulses with orthogonally squeezed quadratures can be converted into two entangled pulses.
Abstract In this article, we consider the possibility of manipulation of quantum signals, ensured by the use of the tripod-type atomic memory cell. We show that depending on a configuration of driving fields at the writing and reading, such a cell allows the signal to both be stored and transformed. It is possible to provide the operation of the memory cell in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer mode passing two successive pulses at the input. We proposed a procedure of partial signal readout that provides entanglement between the retrieved light and the atomic ensemble. Thus, we have shown that a tripod atomic cell is a promising candidate to implement quantum logical operations, including two-qubit ones, which can be performed on the basis of only one cell.
We study the coherent storage and retrieval of a very short multimode light pulse in an atomic ensemble. We consider a quantum memory process based on the conversion of a signal pulse into a long-lived spin coherence via light matter interaction in an on-resonant $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ -type system. In order to study the writing and reading processes we analytically solve the partial differential equations describing the evolution of the field and of the atomic coherence in time as well as in space. We show how to optimize the process for writing as well as for reading. If the medium length is fixed, for each length, there is an optimal value of the pulse duration. We discuss the information capacity of this memory scheme and we estimate the number of transverse modes that can be stored as a quantum hologram.
The possibility of preserving an entangled state of two signal pulses during writing and retrieval processes in a multimode quantum memory is investigated. Two stationary laser sources of light squeezed in two orthogonal quadratures are used for generation of the entangled state. “Carved out” pulses of appropriate duration are mixed on a symmetric beamsplitter, which allows obtaining the desired entanglement. It is assumed that each of the obtained entangled pulses is stored in a separate memory cell and subsequently retrieved from it. The obtained analytical expressions for Duan entanglement criterion are analyzed numerically for the case of broadband memory. It is demonstrated that the entanglement of pulses can be effectively preserved not only in the case of symmetric geometry of the experiment, wherein both pulses are written in two identical independent memory cells, but also in the case of different memory cells and even when one of the cells is absent completely. An important distinguishing feature of the problem under consideration, compared to the single mode case where high memory efficiency ensures good preservation of quantum properties of light, is the possibility of obtaining good preservation of entanglement at low memory efficiency (under shortened readout times).
A reversible quantum memory allowing us to store and retrieve quantum information serves as a key necessity for implementing many of novel quantum information protocols. As light serves as a reliable long-range carrier of quantum information, and atoms offer the possibility of long storage times, current attempts at creating quantum memories focus on the transfer of the quantum fluctuations of light onto atomic coherences. The work in this thesis focuses on the development of a quantum memory for squeezed light using an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms stored in a magneto-optical trap. Our two major milestones were the development of a source of nonclassical light, and the development of a suitable atomic medium for storage. We first present the results of our efforts to generate a source of squeezed vacuum states resonant with the Cesium D2 line using a PPKTP nonlinear crystal inside of an optical parametric oscillator. Additionally, we characterize these squeezed states by carrying out a quantum state tomography using an iterative maximum likelihood approach. Next we look at the development of a new experiment which would allow us to use cold Cesium atoms as a storage medium in our recently developed magneto-optical trap. As this requires an array of novel tools and experimental techniques, we will discuss the development of these elements, and how they have furthered our progress towards storing quantum states onto our Cesium atoms, and eventually entangling two atomic ensembles.
The strong demand for quantum memory, a key building block of quantum network, has inspired new methodologies and led to experimental progress for quantum storage. The use of quantum memory for spatial multimode or image storage could dramatically increase the channel bit rate. Furthermore, quantum memory that can store multiple optical modes would lead to higher efficiencies in quantum communication and computation. Here, by using resonant tripod electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic ensemble, we experimentally demonstrate the storage of two probes with different frequencies and images in the frequency domain. In addition, by using different read light, we realize the frequency conversion of retrieved images with high efficiency. Besides, our method may be used to create a superposition of the images by realizing the function of a beam splitter. All advantages make our method useful in many fields, including quantum information, detection, imaging, sensing, and so on.
In this paper, we examined a possibility of preservation of a substantially multimode radiation in a single cell of quantum memory. As a light source we considered a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). As was shown in several studies, SPOPO radiation has a large number of the correlated modes making it attractive for the purposes of quantum communication and computing. We showed that these correlations can be mapped on the longitudinal spin waves of the memory cell and be restored later in the readout light. The efficiencies of the writing and readout depend on the mode structure of the memory determined by a mechanism of the light-matter interaction under consideration (the nonresonance Raman interaction) and by the profile of the driving light field. We showed that like the initial light pulse train, the restored one can be represented by a set of squeezed supermodes. The mapping of the quantum multimode correlations on the material medium offers opportunities to manipulate the quantum states within the memory cell followed by the reading of the transformed state.