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arXiv:1504.00207 · Nuclear Physics B

Small polaron with generic open boundary conditions: Exact solution via the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz

Xiaotian Xu, Junpeng Cao, Kun Hao, Zhan-Ying Yang, Wen‐Li Yang

Published Jul 11, 2015• 1 citation
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Abstract

The small polaron, a one-dimensional lattice model of interacting spinless fermions, with generic non-diagonal boundary terms is studied by the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. The presence of the Grassmann valued non-diagonal boundary fields gives rise to a typical U(1)-symmetry-broken fermionic model. The exact spectra of the Hamiltonian and the associated Bethe ansatz equations are derived by constructing an inhomogeneous T–Q relation.

DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.07.008

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The small polaron, a one-dimensional lattice model of interacting spinless fermions, with generic non-diagonal boundary terms is studied by the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. The presence of the Grassmann valued non-diagonal boundary fields gives rise to a typical U(1)-symmetry-broken fermionic model. The exact spectra of the Hamiltonian and the associated Bethe ansatz equations are derived by constructing an inhomogeneous T–Q relation.
We study a one-dimensional lattice model of interacting spinless fermions. This model is integrable for both periodic and open boundary conditions; the latter case includes the presence of Grassmann valued non-diagonal boundary fields breaking the bulk U (1) symmetry of the model. Starting from the embedding of this model into a graded Yang–Baxter algebra, an infinite hierarchy of commuting transfer matrices is constructed by means of a fusion procedure. For certain values of the coupling constant related to anisotropies of the underlying vertex model taken at roots of unity, this hierarchy is shown to truncate giving a finite set of functional equations for the spectrum of the transfer matrices. For generic coupling constants, the spectral problem is formulated in terms of a functional (or TQ-)equation which can be solved by Bethe ansatz methods for periodic and diagonal open boundary conditions. Possible approaches for the solution of the model with generic non-diagonal boundary fields are discussed.
The small polaron with generic, nondiagonal boundary terms is investigated within the framework of quantum integrability. The fusion hierarchy of the transfer matrices and its truncation for particular values of the anisotropy parameter are both employed, so that the spectral problem is formulated in terms of a TQ equation. The solution of this equation for generic boundary conditions is based on a deformation of the diagonal case. The eigenvalues of the model are extracted and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are presented. Finally, we comment on the eigenvectors of the model and explicitly compute the eigenstate of the model which evolves into the Fock vacuum when the off-diagonal boundary terms are switched off.
The Izergin-Korepin model with general non-diagonal boundary terms, a typical integrable model beyond A-type and without U(1)-symmetry, is studied via the offdiagonal Bethe ansatz method. Based on some intrinsic properties of the R-matrix and the K-matrices, certain operator product identities of the transfer matrix are obtained at some special points of the spectral parameter. These identities and the asymptotic behaviors of the transfer matrix together allow us to construct the inhomogeneous T − Q relation and the associated Bethe ansatz equations. In the diagonal boundary limit, the reduced results coincide exactly with those obtained via other methods.
Abstract The Bose–Hubbard model is a paradigm for the study of strongly correlated bosonic systems. We study the two-site Bose–Hubbard model with generic integrable open boundaries specified by the most general non-diagonal reflecting matrices. Besides the inhomogeneous parameters, the model itself has three free boundary parameters, which break the U(1)-symmetry, in other words, break the particle number conservation. The Hamiltonian H under these circumstances is constructed. With the help of the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz method, we successfully obtain the corresponding Bethe Ansatz equations as well as the eigenvalues.