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arXiv:1502.05540 · Optics Express

Demonstration of a highly-sensitive tunable beam displacer with no use of beam deflection based on the concept of weak value amplification

Luis José Salazar-Serrano, David Guzmán, Alejandra Valencia, Juan P. Torres

Published Apr 10, 2015• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report the implementation of a highly sensitive tunable beam displacer based on the concept of weak value amplification, that allows to displace the centroid of a Gaussian beam a distance much smaller than its beam width without the need to deflect the direction of propagation of the input beam with movable optical elements. The beam's centroid position can be displaced by controlling the linear polarization of the output beam, and the dependence between the centroid's position and the angle of polarization is linear.

DOI
10.1364/oe.23.010097

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We present a proof-of-concept experiment aimed at increasing the sensitivity of temperature sensors implemented\nwith Fiber Bragg gratings by making use of a weak value amplification scheme. The technique requires\nonly linear optics elements for its implementation, and appears as a promising method for extending the range\nof temperatures changes detectable to increasingly lower values than state-of the-art sensors can currently\nprovide. The device implemented here is able to generate a shift of the centroid of the spectrum of a pulse of\n∼ 0.035 nm/◦C, a nearly fourfold increase in sensitivity over the same Fiber Bragg Grating system interrogated\nusing standard methods.

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We report the implementation of a highly sensitive tunable beam displacer based on the concept of weak value amplification, that allows to displace the centroid of a Gaussian beam a distance much smaller than its beam width without the need to deflect the direction of propagation of the input beam with movable optical elements. The beam's centroid position can be displaced by controlling the linear polarization of the output beam, and the dependence between the centroid's position and the angle of polarization is linear.
We report on the use of an interferometric weak value technique to amplify very small transverse deflections of an optical beam. By entangling the beam's transverse degrees of freedom with the which-path states of a Sagnac interferometer, it is possible to realize an optical amplifier for polarization independent deflections. The theory for the interferometric weak value amplification method is presented along with the experimental results, which are in good agreement. Of particular interest, we measured the angular deflection of a mirror down to 400+/-200 frad and the linear travel of a piezo actuator down to 14+/-7 fm.
We present the first realization of a measurement of a ``weak value,'' a concept recently introduced by Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman (AAV). Our experiment uses a birefringent crystal to separate the two linear-polarization components of a laser beam by a distance small compared to the laser-beam waist. This ``weak measurement'' is followed by a strong measurement which translates the centroid of the beam by a distance far larger than the birefringence-induced separation. In addition, we present data corresponding to orthogonal initial and final states, for which the weak value is not defined. This interference effect may have application in the amplification and detection of weak effects.
We present a proof-of-concept experiment aimed at increasing the sensitivity of Fiber-Bragg-gratings temperature sensors by making use of a weak-value-amplification scheme. The technique requires only linear optics elements for its implementation and appears as a promising method for increasing the sensitivity than state-of the-art sensors can currently provide. The device implemented here is able to generate a shift of the centroid of the spectrum of a pulse of ∼0.035 nm/°C, a nearly fourfold increase in sensitivity over the same fiber-Bragg-grating system interrogated using standard methods.
Background: Weak measurement involves weak coupling between the system and the measuring device (pointer) enables large amplification and high precision measurement of small physical parameters. The outcome of this special measurement procedure involving nearly mutually orthogonal pre- and post-selection of states in such weakly interacting systems leads to weak value that can become exceedingly large and lie outside the eigenvalue spectrum of the measured observable. This unprecedented ability of weak value amplification of small physical parameters has been successfully exploited for various metrological applications in the optical domain and beyond. Even though it is a quantum mechanical concept, it can be understood using the classical electromagnetic theory of light and thus can be realized in classical optics. Objective: Here, we briefly review the basic concepts of weak measurement and weak value amplification, provide illustrative examples of its implementation in various optical domains. The applications involve measuring ultra-sensitive beam deflections, high precision measurements of angular rotation, phase shift, temporal shift, frequency shift and so forth, and expand this extraordinary concept in the domain of nano-optics and plasmonics. Methods: In order to perform weak value amplification, we have used Gaussian beam and spectral response as the pointer subsequently. The polarization state associated with the pointer is used as pre and post-selection device. Results: We reveal the weak value amplification of sub-wavelength optical effects namely the Goos-Hänchen shift and the spin hall shift. Further, we demonstrate weak measurements using spectral line shape of resonance as a natural pointer, enabling weak value amplification beyond the conventional limit, demonstrating natural weak value amplification in plasmonic Fano resonances and so forth. The discussed concepts could have useful implications in various nano-optical systems to amplify tiny signals or effects. Conclusion: The emerging prospects of weak value amplification towards the development of novel optical weak measurement devices for metrological applications are extensively discussed.
We present a proof-of-concept experiment aimed at increasing the sensitivity of temperature sensors implemented\nwith Fiber Bragg gratings by making use of a weak value amplification scheme. The technique requires\nonly linear optics elements for its implementation, and appears as a promising method for extending the range\nof temperatures changes detectable to increasingly lower values than state-of the-art sensors can currently\nprovide. The device implemented here is able to generate a shift of the centroid of the spectrum of a pulse of\n∼ 0.035 nm/◦C, a nearly fourfold increase in sensitivity over the same Fiber Bragg Grating system interrogated\nusing standard methods.