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arXiv:1501.05165 · Physical Review A

Filtering single atoms from Rydberg-blockaded mesoscopic ensembles

David Petrosyan, D. D. Bhaktavatsala Rao, Klaus Mølmer

Published Apr 6, 2015• 14 citations
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Abstract

We propose an efficient method to filter out single atoms from trapped ensembles with unknown numbers of atoms. The method employs stimulated adiabatic passage to reversibly transfer a single atom to the Rydberg state which blocks subsequent Rydberg excitation of all the other atoms within the ensemble. This triggers the excitation of Rydberg-blockaded atoms to short-lived intermediate states and their subsequent decay to untrapped states. Using an auxiliary microwave field to carefully engineer the dissipation, we obtain a nearly deterministic single-atom source. Our method is applicable to small atomic ensembles in individual microtraps and in lattice arrays.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.043402

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We propose an efficient method to filter out single atoms from trapped ensembles with unknown numbers of atoms. The method employs stimulated adiabatic passage to reversibly transfer a single atom to the Rydberg state which blocks subsequent Rydberg excitation of all the other atoms within the ensemble. This triggers the excitation of Rydberg-blockaded atoms to short-lived intermediate states and their subsequent decay to untrapped states. Using an auxiliary microwave field to carefully engineer the dissipation, we obtain a nearly deterministic single-atom source. Our method is applicable to small atomic ensembles in individual microtraps and in lattice arrays.
We propose to use adiabatic rapid passage with a chirped laser pulse in the strong dipole blockade regime to deterministically excite only one Rydberg atom from randomly loaded optical dipole traps or optical lattices. The chirped laser excitation is shown to be insensitive to the random number NNN of the atoms in the traps. Our method overcomes the problem of the N\sqrt{N}N​ dependence of the collective Rabi frequency, which was the main obstacle for deterministic single-atom excitation in the ensembles with unknown NNN, and can be applied for single-atom loading of dipole traps and optical lattices.
In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
The dipole blockade of multiple Rydberg excitations in mesoscopic atomic ensembles allows the implementation of various quantum information tasks using collective states of cold, trapped atoms. Precise coherent manipulations of the collective ground and single Rydberg excitation states of an atomic ensemble requires the knowledge of the number of atoms with small uncertainty. We present an efficient method to acquire such information by interrogating the atomic ensemble with resonant pulses while monitoring the resulting Rydberg excitations. We show that after several such steps accompanied by feedback the number of atoms in an ensemble can be assessed with high accuracy. This will facilitate the realization of high-fidelity quantum gates, long-term storage of quantum information, and deterministic sources of single photons with Rydberg-blockaded atomic ensembles.
We study two-photon excitation of Rydberg states of atoms under stimulated adiabatic passage with delayed laser pulses. We find that the combination of strong interaction between the atoms in Rydberg state and the spontaneous decay of the intermediate exited atomic state leads to the Rydberg excitation of precisely one atom within the atomic ensemble. The quantum Zeno effect offers a lucid interpretation of this result: the Rydberg blocked atoms repetitively scattering photons effectively monitor a randomly excited atom, which therefore remains in the Rydberg state. This system can be used for deterministic creation and, possibly, extraction of Rydberg atoms or ions one at a time. The sympathetic monitoring via decay of ancilla particles may find wider applications for state preparation and probing of interactions in dissipative many-body systems.
Abstract We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using adiabatic rapid passage and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems. We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms. We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and Förster resonances in Rydberg atoms.
Rydberg atoms based mesoscopic CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN gate using STIRAP
Schemes for implementation of CNOT gates in atomic ensembles are important for realization of quantum computing. Here, a theoretical scheme for a CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN gate implemented on a target ensemble of N, Λ\LambdaΛ three-level Rydberg atoms and a single Rydberg atom as a control using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) is presented. We work in the Rydberg blockade regime for the ensemble atoms induced due to excitation of the control atom to a high lying Rydberg level. It is shown that using STIRAP, atoms from one ground state of the ensemble can be adiabatically transferred to the other ground state, depending on the state of the control atom, with high fidelity. A thorough analysis of adiabatic conditions for this scheme and the influence of radiative decay from the excited Rydberg levels is provided. We show that the CNOTN\text{CNOT}^{\text{N}}CNOTN process is immune to the decay rate of the excited level in ensemble atoms.