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arXiv:1210.2567 · Physical Review A

Observation of a p -wave optical Feshbach resonance

Rekishu Yamazaki, Shintaro Taie, Seiji Sugawa, Katsunari Enomoto, Yoshiro Takahashi

Published Jan 22, 2013• 28 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate a $p$-wave optical Feshbach resonance (OFR) using purely long-range molecular states of a fermionic isotope of ytterbium ${}^{171}$Yb, following the proposition made by K. Goyal et al. [Phys. Rev. A 82, 062704 (2010)]. The $p$-wave OFR is clearly observed as a modification of a photoassociation rate for atomic ensembles at about 5 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K. A scattering phase shift variation of $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\eta}=0.022$ rad is observed with an atom loss rate coefficient $K=28.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm${}^{3}$/s.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.010704

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We demonstrate a ppp-wave optical Feshbach resonance (OFR) using purely long-range molecular states of a fermionic isotope of ytterbium 171{}^{171}171Yb, following the proposition made by K. Goyal et al. [Phys. Rev. A 82, 062704 (2010)]. The ppp-wave OFR is clearly observed as a modification of a photoassociation rate for atomic ensembles at about 5 \ensuremathμ\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremathμK. A scattering phase shift variation of \ensuremathδ\ensuremathη=0.022\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\eta}=0.022\ensuremathδ\ensuremathη=0.022 rad is observed with an atom loss rate coefficient K=28.0\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−12K=28.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}K=28.0\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−12 cm3{}^{3}3/s.
In a recent experiment by Yamazaki et al. [Phys. Rev. A 87, 010704(R) (2013)], a ppp-wave optical Feshbach resonance in fermionic 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms using purely long-range molecular excited states has been demonstrated. We show theoretically that, if two purely long-range excited states of 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb are coupled to the ground-state continuum of scattering states with two lasers, then it is possible to significantly suppress photoassociative atom loss by a dark resonance in the excited states. We present a general theoretical framework for creating a dark state in an electronically excited molecular potential for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the optical Feshbach resonance. This can be accomplished by properly adjusting the relative intensity, phase, polarizations, and frequency detunings of two lasers. We present selected numerical results for atom-loss spectra and ppp-wave elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections of 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms to illustrate the effects of the molecular dark state on the optical Feshbach resonance.
We report control of the scattering wave function by an optical Feshbach resonance effect using ytterbium atoms. The narrow intercombination line (1S0-3P1) is used for efficient control as proposed by Ciuryło et al. [Phys. Rev. A 71, 030701(R) (2005)10.1103/PhysRevA.71.030701]. The manipulation of the scattering wave function is monitored with the change of a photoassociation rate caused by another laser. The optical Feshbach resonance is especially efficient for isotopes with large negative scattering lengths such as 172Yb, and we have confirmed that the scattering phase shift divided by the wave number, which gives the scattering length in the zero energy limit, is changed by about 30 nm.
The properties of bosonic ytterbium photoassociation spectra near the intercombination transition ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{^{3}P}_{1}$ are studied theoretically at ultralow temperatures. We demonstrate how the shapes and intensities of rotational components of optical Feshbach resonances are affected by mass tuning of the scattering properties of the two colliding ground-state atoms. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the magnitude of the scattering length and the occurrence of shape resonances in higher partial waves of the van der Waals system. We develop a mass-scaled model of the excited-state potential that represents the experimental data for different isotopes. The shape of the rotational photoassociation spectrum for various bosonic Yb isotopes can be qualitatively different.
We study the use of an optical Feshbach resonance to modify the ppp-wave interaction between ultracold polarized 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb spin-1/21/21/2 fermions. A laser exciting two colliding atoms to the 1S0+3P1{}^{1}{S}_{0}+{}^{3}{P}_{1}1S0​+3P1​ channel can be detuned near a purely-long-range excited molecular bound state. Such an exotic molecule has an inner turning point far from the chemical binding region, and thus, three-body recombination in the Feshbach resonance will be highly suppressed in contrast to that typically seen in a ground-state ppp-wave magnetic Feshbach resonance. We calculate the excited molecular bound-state spectrum using a multichannel integration of the Schr\"odinger equation, including an external perturbation by a magnetic field. From the multichannel wave functions, we calculate the Feshbach resonance properties, including the modification of the elastic ppp-wave scattering volume and inelastic spontaneous scattering rate. The use of magnetic fields and selection rules for polarized light yields a highly controllable system. We apply this control to propose a toy model for three-color superfluidity in an optical lattice for spin-polarized 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb, where the three colors correspond to the three spatial orbitals of the first excited ppp band. We calculate the conditions under which tunneling and on-site interactions are comparable, at which point quantum critical behavior is possible.
We present measurements of the optical Feshbach resonances (OFRs) of 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb atoms for the intercombination transition. We measure the photoassociation (PA) spectra of a pure 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and determine the dependence of OFRs on PA laser intensities and frequencies for four least-bound vibrational levels near the intercombination transition. We confirm that our measurements are consistent with the temporal decay of a BEC subjected to a PA beam in the vicinity of the fourth vibrational level from the dissociation limit.
We reveal the existence of high-density Feshbach resonances in the collision between the ground and metastable states of ^{171}Yb and coherently produce the associated Feshbach molecules by photoassociation. The extremely small transition rate is overcome by the enhanced Franck-Condon factor of the weakly bound Feshbach molecule, allowing us to observe Rabi oscillations with long decay time between an atom pair and a molecule in an optical lattice. We also perform the precision measurement of the binding energies, which characterizes the observed resonances. The ultranarrow photoassociation will be a basis for practical implementation of optical Feshbach resonances.