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arXiv:0905.0958 · Physical Review A

Line shapes of optical Feshbach resonances near the intercombination transition of bosonic ytterbium

Mateusz Borkowski, R. Ciuryło, Paul S. Julienne, S. Tojo, Katsunari Enomoto, Yoshiro Takahashi

Published Jul 29, 2009• 38 citations
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Abstract

The properties of bosonic ytterbium photoassociation spectra near the intercombination transition ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{^{3}P}_{1}$ are studied theoretically at ultralow temperatures. We demonstrate how the shapes and intensities of rotational components of optical Feshbach resonances are affected by mass tuning of the scattering properties of the two colliding ground-state atoms. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the magnitude of the scattering length and the occurrence of shape resonances in higher partial waves of the van der Waals system. We develop a mass-scaled model of the excited-state potential that represents the experimental data for different isotopes. The shape of the rotational photoassociation spectrum for various bosonic Yb isotopes can be qualitatively different.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.012715

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arXiv:1406.4365•Physical Review A•Sep 16, 2014•40 citations
The properties of bosonic ytterbium photoassociation spectra near the intercombination transition 1S0\ensuremath−3P1{^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{^{3}P}_{1}1S0​\ensuremath−3P1​ are studied theoretically at ultralow temperatures. We demonstrate how the shapes and intensities of rotational components of optical Feshbach resonances are affected by mass tuning of the scattering properties of the two colliding ground-state atoms. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the magnitude of the scattering length and the occurrence of shape resonances in higher partial waves of the van der Waals system. We develop a mass-scaled model of the excited-state potential that represents the experimental data for different isotopes. The shape of the rotational photoassociation spectrum for various bosonic Yb isotopes can be qualitatively different.
We study theoretically the properties of photoassociation spectra near the 1S0‐3P1 inter‐combination line of bosonic ytterbium. We construct a mass scaled model of the excited state interaction potential that well describes bound state energies obtained in a previous photoassociation experiment. We then use it to calculate theoretical photoassociation spectra in a range of ultracold temperatures using semianalytical theory developed by Bohn and Julienne.Photoassociation spectra not only give us the energies of excited bound states, but also provide information about the behavior of the ground state wavefunction. In fact, it can be shown that within the so‐called reflection approximation the line intensity is proportional to the ground state wavefunction at the transition’s Condon point. We show that in the case of ytterbium, the rotational structure of the photoassociation spectra depends heavily on the behavior of the ground‐state wavefunction. The change of the scattering length from one isotope to another and the resulting occurence of shape resonances in higher partial waves determines the appearance and disapperance of rotational components, especially in the deeper lying states, whose respective Condon points lie near the ground state centrifugal barrier. Thus, photoassociation spectra differ qualitatively between isotopes.
Using new experimental measurements of photoassociation resonances near the 1S0→3P1^1\mathrm{S}_0 \rightarrow \phantom{ }^3\mathrm{P}_11S0​→3P1​ intercombination transition in 84^{84}84Sr and 86^{86}86Sr, we present an updated study into the mass-scaling behavior of bosonic strontium dimers. A previous mass-scaling model [Borkowski et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, 032713 (2014)] was able to incorporate a large number of photoassociation resonances for 88^{88}88Sr, but at the time only a handful of resonances close to the dissociation limit were known for 84^{84}84Sr and 86^{86}86Sr. In this work, we perform a more thorough measurement of 84^{84}84Sr and 86^{86}86Sr bound states, identifying multiple new resonances at deeper binding energies out to E/h=−5E/h=-5E/h=−5 GHz. We also identify several previously measured resonances that cannot be experimentally reproduced and provide alternative binding energies instead. With this improved spectrum, we develop a mass-scaled model that reproduces the observed binding energies of 86^{86}86Sr and 88^{88}88Sr to within 1 MHz. In order to accurately reproduce the deeper bound states, our model includes a second 1u1_u1u​ channel and more faithfully reproduces the depth of the potential. As determined by the previous mass-scaling study, 84^{84}84Sr 0u+0_u^+0u+​ levels are strongly perturbed by the avoided crossing between the 1S0+3P1^1\mathrm{S}_0 + \phantom{ }^3\mathrm{P}_11S0​+3P1​ 0u+0_u^+0u+​ (3Πu)(^3Π_u)(3Πu​) and 1S0+1D2^1\mathrm{S}_0 + \phantom{ }^1\mathrm{D}_21S0​+1D2​ 0u+0_u^+0u+​ (1Σu+)(^1Σ_u^+)(1Σu+​) potential curves and therefore are not included in this mass-scaled model, but are accurately reproduced using an isotope-specific model with slightly different quantum defect parameters. In addition, the optical lengths of the 84^{84}84Sr 0u+, ν=−20_u^+,\ ν=-20u+​, ν=−2 to ν=−5ν=-5ν=−5 states are measured and compared to numerical estimates to characterize their use as optical Feshbach resonances.
We report observations of photoassociation (PA) spectra near the intercombination line in isotopic mixtures of ultracold ytterbium gases. Several heteronuclear bound states have been found for the excited 170{}^{170}170Yb174{}^{174}174Yb and 174{}^{174}174Yb176{}^{176}176Yb molecules. We develop a single-channel mass-scaled interaction model for the excited state molecule which well reproduces the measured bound state energies. This is an important step toward optical control of interactions in mixtures of ultracold ytterbium gases using heteronuclear optical Feshbach resonances. The model developed is applicable in collisions of other similar systems, such as cadmium and mercury.
We observed high-resolution photoassociation spectra of laser-cooled ytterbium (Yb) atoms in the spin-forbidden 1S0 - 3P1 intercombination line. The rovibrational levels in the 0u+ state were measured for red detunings of the photoassociation laser ranging from 2.9 MHz to 1.97 GHz with respect to the atomic resonance. The rotational splitting of the vibrational levels near the dissociation limit were fully resolved due to the sub-MHz linewidth of the spectra in contrast to previous measurements using the spin-allowed singlet transition. In addition, from a comparison between the spectra of 174Yb and those of 176Yb, a d-wave shape resonance for 174Yb is strongly suggested.
We report control of the scattering wave function by an optical Feshbach resonance effect using ytterbium atoms. The narrow intercombination line (1S0-3P1) is used for efficient control as proposed by Ciuryło et al. [Phys. Rev. A 71, 030701(R) (2005)10.1103/PhysRevA.71.030701]. The manipulation of the scattering wave function is monitored with the change of a photoassociation rate caused by another laser. The optical Feshbach resonance is especially efficient for isotopes with large negative scattering lengths such as 172Yb, and we have confirmed that the scattering phase shift divided by the wave number, which gives the scattering length in the zero energy limit, is changed by about 30 nm.
We report photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold 86Sr^{86}\mathrm{Sr}86Sr atoms near the intercombination line and provide theoretical models to describe the obtained bound-state energies. We show that using only the molecular states correlating with the 1S0+3P1{}^{1}{S}_{0}+{}^{3}{P}_{1}1S0​+3P1​ asymptote is insufficient to provide a mass-scaled theoretical model that would reproduce the bound-state energies for all isotopes investigated to date: 84Sr,86Sr^{84}\mathrm{Sr},^{86}\mathrm{Sr}84Sr,86Sr, and 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr. We attribute that to the recently discovered avoided crossing between the 1S0+3P1{}^{1}{S}_{0}+{}^{3}{P}_{1}1S0​+3P1​ 0u+{0}_{u}^{+}0u+​ $({}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u})$ and 1S0+1D2{}^{1}{S}_{0}+{}^{1}{D}_{2}1S0​+1D2​ 0u+{0}_{u}^{+}0u+​ $({}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+})$ potential curves at short range and we build a mass-scaled interaction model that quantitatively reproduces the available 0u+{0}_{u}^{+}0u+​ and 1u{1}_{u}1u​ bound-state energies for the three stable bosonic isotopes. We also provide isotope-specific two-channel models that incorporate the rotational (Coriolis) mixing between the 0u+{0}_{u}^{+}0u+​ and 1u{1}_{u}1u​ curves which, while not mass scaled, are capable of quantitatively describing the vibrational splittings observed in experiment. We find that the use of state-of-the-art ab initio potential curves significantly improves the quantitative description of the Coriolis mixing between the two $\ensuremath{-}8$-GHz bound states in 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr over the previously used model potentials. We show that one of the recently reported energy levels in 84Sr^{84}\mathrm{Sr}84Sr does not follow the long-range bound-state series and theorize on the possible causes. Finally, we give the Coriolis-mixing angles and linear Zeeman coefficients for all of the photoassociation lines. The long-range van der Waals coefficients C6(0u+)=3868(50){C}_{6}({0}_{u}^{+})=3868(50)C6​(0u+​)=3868(50) a.u. and C6(1u)=4085(50){C}_{6}({1}_{u})=4085(50)C6​(1u​)=4085(50) a.u. are reported.