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arXiv:1207.3955 · Optics Letters

N-type resonances in a buffered micrometric Rb cell: splitting in a strong magnetic field

Armen D. Sargsyan, R. Mirzoyan, A. Papoyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Nov 22, 2012• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

N-type resonances excited in rubidium atoms confined in micrometric-thin cells with variable thickness from 1 μm to 2 mm are studied experimentally for the cases of a pure Rb atomic vapor and of a vapor with neon buffer gas. Good contrast and narrow linewidth were obtained for thicknesses as low as 30 μm. The higher amplitude and sharper profile of N-type resonances in the case of a buffered cell was exploited to study the splitting of the 85Rb D1 N-resonance in a magnetic field of up to 2200 G. The results are fully consistent with the theory. The mechanism responsible for forming N-resonances is discussed. Possible applications are addressed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.37.004871

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The narrow-band N-resonance formed in a Λ system of D 1-line rubidium atoms is studied in the presence of a buffer gas (neon) and the radiations of two continuous narrow-band diode lasers. Special-purpose cells are used to investigate the dependence of the process on vapor column thickness L in millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer ranges. A comparison of the dependences of the N-resonance and the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance on L demonstrates that the minimum (record) thickness at which the N-resonance can be detected is L = 50 μm and that a high-contrast EIT resonance can easily be formed even at L ≈ 800 nm. The N-resonance in a magnetic field for 85Rb atoms is shown to split into five or six components depending on the magnetic field and laser radiation directions. The results obtained indicate that levels F g = 2, 3 are initial and final in the N-resonance formation. The dependence of the N-resonance on the angle between the laser beams is analyzed, and practical applications are noted.

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The N -resonance process is an accessible and effective method for obtaining narrow (down to subnatural linewidth), and contrasted resonances, using two continuous lasers and a Rb vapor cell. In this article, we investigate the impact of buffer gas partial pressure on the contrast and linewidth of N -resonances formed in the D 1 line of a 85 Rb thermal vapor. N -resonances are compared to usual EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages and disadvantages. Measurements were performed with five vapor cells, each containing Rb and Ne buffer gas with different partial pressures (ranging from 0 to 400 Torr). This reveals the existence of an optimum Ne partial pressure that yields the best contrast, for which we provide a qualitative description. We then study the behavior of the N -resonance components when a transverse magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell. The frequency shift of each component is well described by theoretical calculations. • The N -resonance process allows to obtain narrow and contrasted optical resonances. • Measurements were performed with five vapor cells containing Rb and Ne buffer gas. • N -resonances are compared with EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages. • The N -resonance behavior when a magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell is studied. • A qualitative explanation of the formation of the N -resonance is given.

arXiv:2402.09184•Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy•Sep 21, 2024•5 citations
N-type resonances excited in rubidium atoms confined in micrometric-thin cells with variable thickness from 1 μm to 2 mm are studied experimentally for the cases of a pure Rb atomic vapor and of a vapor with neon buffer gas. Good contrast and narrow linewidth were obtained for thicknesses as low as 30 μm. The higher amplitude and sharper profile of N-type resonances in the case of a buffered cell was exploited to study the splitting of the 85Rb D1 N-resonance in a magnetic field of up to 2200 G. The results are fully consistent with the theory. The mechanism responsible for forming N-resonances is discussed. Possible applications are addressed.
The narrow-band N-resonance formed in a Λ system of D 1-line rubidium atoms is studied in the presence of a buffer gas (neon) and the radiations of two continuous narrow-band diode lasers. Special-purpose cells are used to investigate the dependence of the process on vapor column thickness L in millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer ranges. A comparison of the dependences of the N-resonance and the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance on L demonstrates that the minimum (record) thickness at which the N-resonance can be detected is L = 50 μm and that a high-contrast EIT resonance can easily be formed even at L ≈ 800 nm. The N-resonance in a magnetic field for 85Rb atoms is shown to split into five or six components depending on the magnetic field and laser radiation directions. The results obtained indicate that levels F g = 2, 3 are initial and final in the N-resonance formation. The dependence of the N-resonance on the angle between the laser beams is analyzed, and practical applications are noted.
Recently developed thin cells containing atomic vapor of micrometric column thickness L allow one to study peculiarities of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon, along with the accompanying velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances for the case when < 100 &mgr;m. The micrometric thin cells (MTC) are filled with pure Rb and neither buffer gas nor paraffin-coated walls were used. The Λ-systems on D2 line of 85Rb have been studied experimentally with the use of bi-chromatic radiation of two separate diode lasers (λ≈780 nm, γL&≈ 5MHz). It is demonstrated that when L~60 &mgr;m it is still possible to form the EIT resonance with the sub-natural linewidth ~ 5 MHz. The EIT resonance linewidth increases up to 10 MHz , when column thickness L is reduced down to ~ 2 &mgr;m. Six VSOP resonances are detected in the fluorescence and absorption spectra when the thickness L ~ 10 &mgr;m. Dependence of the EIT resonance linewidth as a function of the atomic vapor column thickness L is presented.
Recently unique extremely thin cells (ETC) containing atomic vapour of alkali metals with the column thickness L of an order and much less than optical light wavelength λ have been developed. It has been demonstrated that these ETC are a very promising tool for a fundamental study of atom-light, atom-atom, atom-surface and atom-external magnetic field interactions. Particularly, a dramatically different behaviour of resonant absorption, fluorescence and resonant magneto-optical processes compared to that obtained with the help of cm-long ordinary cells has been demonstrated. Possible applications based on ETC are described, such as magnetometers with nanometric spatial resolution and tunable atomic frequency references. For the study of buffer gas influence, a multi-region cell (MRC) has been developed. MRC consists of an ETC cell having a wedged thickness of the gap between the windows that allows one to form atomic vapour column thickness in the range of 0.1 ÷ 4 μm. The ETC is connected through a sapphire tube with a 1cm-long sapphire tube having sapphire windows. The 1cm-long cell has a sapphire side-arm containing Rb metal. MRC's are filled with 6 Torr and 20 Torr Neon gas, thus there is Rb vapour and buffer gas inside the MRC. The construction of the MRC allows one to compare absorption and fluorescence processes simultaneously in the case of the ETC use as well as in the case of 1cm-long ordinary cell use. The comparison of the resonant absorption and fluorescence in the extremely thin cell (ETC) filled with pure Rb with another one filled with Rb and Neon gas with the pressures of 6 Torr and 20 Torr is provided. The effect of the collapse and revival of Dicke-type narrowing is still observable for the thicknesses L = λ/2, and L = λ, with λ being the resonant laser wavelength 794 nm (D1 line of Rb), i.e. the spectra of the resonant absorption and fluorescence demonstrate strong sub-Doppler narrowing for the thickness L = λ/2 and broadening for the thickness L = λ. It is important to note that in an ordinary Rb cell with the thickness L in the range of 1mm - 10 cm filled with buffer gas, with the pressure higher than 1 Torr, in the well-known Saturation Absorption scheme, any sub-Doppler features are absent. For L = λ the so called velocity selective optical pumping/saturating resonance (VSOP) located at the atomic transition is still observable when Ne pressure is 6 Torr, while the linewidth is increased by 4 times in comparison with that obtained in a pure Rb ETC. It is also demonstrated that the use of the fluorescence spectra at L = λ/2 allows one to use ETC for the buffer gas pressure measurements. Comparison with the theory will be presented.
Abstract In strong magnetic fields (0.1–6 kG), many atomic lines closely spaced in frequency appear in the absorption spectrum of alkali metal vapors. Due to the small frequency interval between them and the Doppler broadening of the atomic lines, they are overlapped. For spectral separation and study of individual atomic lines, it is necessary to ensure their spectral narrowing. It is shown that this can be done using the saturated absorption method in an atomic vapor contained in a 30 μm-thick cell filled with Rb vapor. All 10 atomic transitions of Rb D1 line are spectrally very well resolved in the second derivative of the saturated absorption spectrum. Complete resolution of atomic transitions makes this method useful for the determination of a wide range of magnetic fields. The theoretical curves describe the experimental results very well.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in strong magnetic fields of up to 1.7 kG has been investigated with the use of a 30-μm cell filled with an atomic rubidium vapor and neon as a buffer gas. The EIT resonance in the Λ system of the D 1 line of 85 Rb atoms has been formed with the use of two narrowband (∼1 MHz) 795-nm diode lasers. The EIT resonance in a longitudinal magnetic field is split into five components. It has been demonstrated that the frequencies of the five EIT components are either blue- or red-shifted with an increase in the magnetic field, depending on the frequency ν P of the probe laser. In has been shown that in both cases the 85 Rb atoms enter the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime in magnetic fields of >1 kG. The hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is manifested by the frequency slopes of all five EIT components asymptotically approaching the same fixed value. The experiment agrees well with the theory.
The N -resonance process is an accessible and effective method for obtaining narrow (down to subnatural linewidth), and contrasted resonances, using two continuous lasers and a Rb vapor cell. In this article, we investigate the impact of buffer gas partial pressure on the contrast and linewidth of N -resonances formed in the D 1 line of a 85 Rb thermal vapor. N -resonances are compared to usual EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages and disadvantages. Measurements were performed with five vapor cells, each containing Rb and Ne buffer gas with different partial pressures (ranging from 0 to 400 Torr). This reveals the existence of an optimum Ne partial pressure that yields the best contrast, for which we provide a qualitative description. We then study the behavior of the N -resonance components when a transverse magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell. The frequency shift of each component is well described by theoretical calculations. • The N -resonance process allows to obtain narrow and contrasted optical resonances. • Measurements were performed with five vapor cells containing Rb and Ne buffer gas. • N -resonances are compared with EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages. • The N -resonance behavior when a magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell is studied. • A qualitative explanation of the formation of the N -resonance is given.