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arXiv:1202.0393 · Physical Review B

Influence of two-level fluctuators on adiabatic passage techniques

Nicolas Vogt, Jared H. Cole, Michael Marthaler, Gerd Schön

Published May 14, 2012• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) under the influence of a nontrivial solid-state environment, particularly the effect of two-level fluctuators (TLFs) as they are frequently present in solid-state devices. When the amplitudes of the driving pulses used in STIRAP are in resonance with the level spacing of the fluctuators, the quality of the protocol, i.e., the transferred population, decreases sharply. In general, the effect can not be reduced by speeding up the STIRAP process. We also discuss the effect of a structured noise environment on the process of coherent tunneling by adiabatic passage (CTAP). The effect of a weakly structured environment or TLFs with short coherence times on STIRAP and CTAP can be described by the Bloch-Redfield theory. For a strongly structured environment, a higher-dimensional approach must be used, where the TLFs are treated as part of the system.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.85.174515

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We study the process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) under the influence of a nontrivial solid-state environment, particularly the effect of two-level fluctuators (TLFs) as they are frequently present in solid-state devices. When the amplitudes of the driving pulses used in STIRAP are in resonance with the level spacing of the fluctuators, the quality of the protocol, i.e., the transferred population, decreases sharply. In general, the effect can not be reduced by speeding up the STIRAP process. We also discuss the effect of a structured noise environment on the process of coherent tunneling by adiabatic passage (CTAP). The effect of a weakly structured environment or TLFs with short coherence times on STIRAP and CTAP can be described by the Bloch-Redfield theory. For a strongly structured environment, a higher-dimensional approach must be used, where the TLFs are treated as part of the system.
A theoretical analysis is presented of the effect of correlation between fluctuations of laser pulse amplitudes on population transfer between the states of a three-level atom coupled by the laser field. The carrier frequencies of the pulses are tuned to resonance with the transitions between the ground and excited states, |〈 and | 2〈, and the excited and metastable states, |2〈 and |3〈, in a lambda-type configuration. The laser pulses are timed so that population transfer between states |1〈 and | 3〈 is made possible by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the absence of fluctuations. STIRAP does not occur when the laser fields are not correlated. When the fluctuations of one pulse amplitude duplicate those of the other, STIRAP can be observed for pulse amplitudes larger than those required in the absence of fluctuations.
This work investigates the effect of phonon coupling on the transfer of population and creation of coherence using variant of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) known as \emph{fractional} stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (FSTIRAP). The study is based on the Liouville equation, which is solved numerically in the adiabatic limit. Although the phonon is assumed to be coupled only to the intermediate state, it is coupled to the other two states by dipolar system-environment interaction, inducing phonon coupling to the other states which are not directly in contact with the phonon. At zero temperature the STIRAP pulse protocol's efficiency of the transfer decreases exponentially with the electron-phonon coupling, until the coupling strength is strong enough to make the process fully incoherent, in which case the population transfer is 13\frac{1}{3}31​ in each level. For the FSTIRAP protocol we find that the transferred population to target state decreases, leaving some population on the intermediate state. Consequently, there is an increase in the magnitude of the coherences ρ01,ρ12ρ_{01}, ρ_{12}ρ01​,ρ12​, albeit small. Furthermore population transfer for non-zero temperature and effect of coupling strength is investigated, it is observed that while both parameters negatively influence the efficiency of transfer the former decrease the transfer exponentially, thereby equilibrating the system fast, while the latter seen to decrease the transfer monotonically, and hence equilibrates slowly.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage is a quantum protocol that can be used for robust state preparation in a three-level system. It has been commonly employed in quantum optics, but recently this technique has drawn attention also in circuit quantum electrodynamics. The protocol relies on two slowly varying drive pulses that couple the initial and the target state via an intermediate state, which remains unpopulated. Here we study the detrimental effect of the parasitic couplings of the drives into transitions other than those required by the protocol. The effect is most prominent in systems with almost harmonic energy level structure, such as the transmon. We show that under these conditions in the presence of decoherence there exists an optimal STIRAP amplitude for population transfer.
Using our recently developed quantum dissipation theory, we study the influence of dissipation on the population transfer efficiency between the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and the pump-dump passage in a simple three-level Λ system. By comparison, STIRAP is found to be relatively insensitive to the relaxation and fluctuation of the intermediate state. Numerical results also demonstrate the applicability of the new quantum dissipation theory for studying the correlated driving-dissipation dynamics problems.
Adiabatic passage techniques, used to drive a system from one quantum state into another, find widespread applications in physics and chemistry. We focus on techniques to spatially transport a quantum amplitude over a strongly coupled system, such as STImulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) and Coherent Tunneling by Adiabatic Passage (CTAP). Previous results were shown to work on certain graphs, such as linear chains, square and triangular lattices, and branched chains. We prove that similar protocols work much more generally in a large class of (semi-)bipartite graphs. In particular, under random couplings, adiabatic transfer is possible on graphs that admit a perfect matching both when the sender is removed and when the receiver is removed. Many of the favorable stability properties of STIRAP/CTAP are inherited, and our results readily apply to transfer between multiple potential senders and receivers. We numerically test transfer between the leaves of a tree and find surprisingly accurate transfer, especially when straddling is used. Our results may find applications in short-distance communication between multiple quantum computers and open up a new question in graph theory about the spectral gap around the value 0.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and its superadiabatic variant (sa-STIRAP) are pivotal techniques for high-fidelity quantum state transfer. However, STIRAP is inherently slow, while sa-STIRAP often requires additional, experimentally challenging couplings. Recent progress has shown that implementing these protocols in the dressed-state space can overcome these limitations by modulating the amplitude and phase of native driving fields, thereby enabling efficient population transfer without extra couplings. Nevertheless, the robustness of these dressed-state protocols against decoherence remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the decoherence resilience of both STIRAP and sa-STIRAP within the dressed-state framework. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that they exhibit significantly enhanced robustness to environmental noise compared to their standard three-level counterparts. Our results highlight the potential of dressed-state-based protocols for achieving robust, high-fidelity quantum state transfer in noisy environments.