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International Journal of Modern Physics B

Robustness of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in the dressed-state space

Fangzhou Jin, Jinfeng Wang, Hui Zhou, Yunlan Ji

Published May 29, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and its superadiabatic variant (sa-STIRAP) are pivotal techniques for high-fidelity quantum state transfer. However, STIRAP is inherently slow, while sa-STIRAP often requires additional, experimentally challenging couplings. Recent progress has shown that implementing these protocols in the dressed-state space can overcome these limitations by modulating the amplitude and phase of native driving fields, thereby enabling efficient population transfer without extra couplings. Nevertheless, the robustness of these dressed-state protocols against decoherence remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the decoherence resilience of both STIRAP and sa-STIRAP within the dressed-state framework. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that they exhibit significantly enhanced robustness to environmental noise compared to their standard three-level counterparts. Our results highlight the potential of dressed-state-based protocols for achieving robust, high-fidelity quantum state transfer in noisy environments.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979226501894

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Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and its superadiabatic variant (sa-STIRAP) are pivotal techniques for high-fidelity quantum state transfer. However, STIRAP is inherently slow, while sa-STIRAP often requires additional, experimentally challenging couplings. Recent progress has shown that implementing these protocols in the dressed-state space can overcome these limitations by modulating the amplitude and phase of native driving fields, thereby enabling efficient population transfer without extra couplings. Nevertheless, the robustness of these dressed-state protocols against decoherence remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the decoherence resilience of both STIRAP and sa-STIRAP within the dressed-state framework. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that they exhibit significantly enhanced robustness to environmental noise compared to their standard three-level counterparts. Our results highlight the potential of dressed-state-based protocols for achieving robust, high-fidelity quantum state transfer in noisy environments.
Abstract Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a widely used technique for efficient population transfer between quantum states. However, the adiabatic nature of STIRAP requires slow evolution, leading to long operation times, which limits its practical applications. The superadiabatic method has been introduced to accelerate the STIRAP process, but it often necessitates additional couplings between the initial and target states, which may not be available in the original Hamiltonian. In this work, we present a novel approach to implement superadiabatic STIRAP (sa-STIRAP) between dressed states in a three-level quantum system. By modulating the amplitude and phase of the original driving fields, the initial and target states in dressed-state space can be effectively coupled. This approach provides a practical means of realizing sa-STIRAP in experimental setups, making it convenient to accelerate adiabatic quantum state transfer.
Coherent quantum state transfer is a vital step in quantum information processing. Based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), we realize robust quantum state transfer between two superconducting qubits, mediated by a tunable coupler. Utilizing parametric coupling techniques, we construct the STIRAP Hamiltonian by modulating the coupler frequency. A population transfer fidelity of 95.1 (±2.0)% is achieved and is consistent with the numerical simulation result of 95.4%. By preparing the initial state in the maximal superposition state of one qubit, we research how the phase of the transferred state is related to the modulation pulses. We also find that the transfer process is robust against the fluctuation of modulation frequency. Numerical simulation confirms that our state transfer scheme is more robust than non-adiabatic protocols.
Abstract Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a standard technique to combat experimental imperfections and can be used to realize robust quantum state control, which has many applications in physics, chemistry, and beyond. However, STIRAP is susceptible to decoherence since it requires long evolution time. To overcome this problem, stimulated Raman ‘user-defined’ passage (STIRUP) is proposed, which allows users to design the passages unlike the STIRAP but fast and robust against both decoherence and experimental imperfections. Here, we further develop a more general STIRUP method. Comparing with shortcut to adiabaticity and its’ variants, the generalized STIRUP is more simpler and compatible with more complex energy-level structure and many-body systems. Furthermore, the generalized STIRUP has many important applications such as geometric phase measurement, coherent population transfer, and quantum state preparation. Specifically, as examples, we show how to realize the high-fidelity quantum state transfer and entangled state generation in a robust way via STIRUP with the state-of-the-art experimental superconducting circuits.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage is a quantum protocol that can be used for robust state preparation in a three-level system. It has been commonly employed in quantum optics, but recently this technique has drawn attention also in circuit quantum electrodynamics. The protocol relies on two slowly varying drive pulses that couple the initial and the target state via an intermediate state, which remains unpopulated. Here we study the detrimental effect of the parasitic couplings of the drives into transitions other than those required by the protocol. The effect is most prominent in systems with almost harmonic energy level structure, such as the transmon. We show that under these conditions in the presence of decoherence there exists an optimal STIRAP amplitude for population transfer.
Achieving high-fidelity quantum state engineering is pivotal for quantum technology applications. This work investigates the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) protocol in a three-level Λ\LambdaΛ-system to demonstrate robust and near-perfect population transfer (∣1⟩→∣2⟩\ket{1} \to \ket{2}∣1⟩→∣2⟩). The system evolution is rigorously modeled using the \textbf{Lindblad Master Equation} to account for realistic open quantum dynamics, specifically spontaneous decay from the intermediate state ∣3⟩\ket{3}∣3⟩. We show that the \textbf{adiabatic evolution} through the Dark State, which is orthogonal to the decaying state ∣3⟩\ket{3}∣3⟩, guarantees immunity to this dissipation, achieving fidelities >0.99> 0.99>0.99. Furthermore, we analyze the protocol's resilience, mapping the fidelity landscape in the parameter space and confirming STIRAP's intrinsic robustness against control amplitude variations. This study demonstrates the efficacy and practical viability of STIRAP as a robust method for coherent population transfer in realistic noisy quantum devices.
Accurate control of a quantum system is a fundamental requirement in many areas of modern science ranging from quantum information processing to high-precision measurements. A significantly important goal in quantum control is to prepare a desired state as fast as possible with sufficiently high fidelity allowed by available resources and experimental constraints. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a robust way to realize high-fidelity state transfer but it requires a sufficiently long operation time to satisfy the adiabatic criteria. We here theoretically propose and then experimentally demonstrate a shortcut-to-adiabatic protocol to speed up the STIRAP. By modifying the shapes of the Raman pulses, we experimentally realize a fast and high-fidelity stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage that is robust against control parameter variations. The all-optical, robust, and fast protocol demonstrated here provides an efficient and practical way to control quantum systems.