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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics

Influence of Dissipation On the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage

Yan Mo, Rui‐Xue Xu, YiJing Yan

Published Jan 1, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Using our recently developed quantum dissipation theory, we study the influence of dissipation on the population transfer efficiency between the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and the pump-dump passage in a simple three-level Λ system. By comparison, STIRAP is found to be relatively insensitive to the relaxation and fluctuation of the intermediate state. Numerical results also demonstrate the applicability of the new quantum dissipation theory for studying the correlated driving-dissipation dynamics problems.

DOI
10.1088/1674-0068/15/3/237-240

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Using our recently developed quantum dissipation theory, we study the influence of dissipation on the population transfer efficiency between the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and the pump-dump passage in a simple three-level Λ system. By comparison, STIRAP is found to be relatively insensitive to the relaxation and fluctuation of the intermediate state. Numerical results also demonstrate the applicability of the new quantum dissipation theory for studying the correlated driving-dissipation dynamics problems.
We propose a method to improve the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) via dissipative quantum dynamics, taking into account the dephasing effects. Fast and robust population transfer can be obtained with the scheme by the designed pulses and detuning, even though the initial state of the system is imperfect. With a concrete three-level system as an example, the influences of the imperfect initial state, variations in the control parameters, and various dissipation effects are discussed in detail. The numerical simulation shows that the scheme is insensitive to moderate fluctuations of experimental parameters and the relatively large dissipation effects of the excited state. Furthermore, the dominant dissipative factors, namely, the dephasing effects of the ground states and the imperfect initial state are no longer undesirable, in fact, they are the important resources to the scheme. Therefore, the scheme could provide more choices for the realization of the complete population transfer in the strong dissipative fields where the standard stimulated Raman adiabatic passage or shortcut schemes are invalid.
The prospect of employing the stimulated Raman adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) technique under the influence of pure dephasing is explored. A general analysis of how decoherence influences the performance of STIRAP is provided. Starting from a general and fully quantum-mechanical system–bath Hamiltonian, we derive a quantum master equation (QME) that describes the reduced dynamics of a dissipative STIRAP system. The derivation is based on the standard assumptions of (1) weak system–bath coupling; (2) Markovity, in the sense that the relaxation times are long in comparison to the bath correlation time, τc; and (3) weak field–matter interaction, in the sense that the Rabi period of the driving laser fields, Ω−1, is longer than τc. The dissipative term in this QME is the same as it would have been in the absence of the driving fields, because of the assumption of weak field–matter interaction. This type of uncontrollable dephasing is seen to diminish the efficiency of STIRAP, although the actual loss strongly depends on the specific dephasing mechanism. We also derive a more general QME, which is applicable to driving fields of arbitrary intensity. The dissipative term in the new QME is explicitly dependent on the driving fields, and therefore controllable. Intense fields are shown to effectively slow down the dephasing when Ωτc>1, which suggests that it may be possible to use STIRAP in order to transfer population between the quantum states of a solute molecule embedded in a solvent.
In this work, we present numerical results on the influence of a spherical metallic nanoparticle to the population transfer in a Λ-type quantum system under conditions of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). For the study of the system’s dynamics, we use the density matrix approach for the quantum system, where the parameters for the electric field amplitudes and the spontaneous decay rates have been calculated using ab initio electromagnetic calculations for the plasmonic nanoparticle. We present results for the evolution of the populations of the different levels of the quantum system as a function of different parameters, in the presence and the absence of the plasmonic nanoparticle. We find that the presence of the plasmonic nanoparticle and the polarization of the pump and Stokes fields with respect to the surface of the nanoparticle, affect the efficiency of the population transfer inside the three-level quantum system. For the right combination of the values of the modified spontaneous decay rates and the fields intensities, high efficiency population transfer is obtained in the quantum system near a plasmonic nanoparticle using STIRAP process.
A theoretical analysis is presented of the effect of correlation between fluctuations of laser pulse amplitudes on population transfer between the states of a three-level atom coupled by the laser field. The carrier frequencies of the pulses are tuned to resonance with the transitions between the ground and excited states, |〈 and | 2〈, and the excited and metastable states, |2〈 and |3〈, in a lambda-type configuration. The laser pulses are timed so that population transfer between states |1〈 and | 3〈 is made possible by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the absence of fluctuations. STIRAP does not occur when the laser fields are not correlated. When the fluctuations of one pulse amplitude duplicate those of the other, STIRAP can be observed for pulse amplitudes larger than those required in the absence of fluctuations.
This work explores the effect of phase relaxation on the population transfer efficiency in stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). The study is based on the Liouville equation, which is solved analytically in the adiabatic limit. The transfer efficiency of STIRAP is found to decrease exponentially with the dephasing rate; this effect is stronger for shorter pulse delays and weaker for larger delays, since the transition time is found to be inversely proportional to the pulse delay. Moreover, it is found that the transfer efficiency of STIRAP in the presence of dephasing does not depend on the peak Rabi frequencies at all, as long as they are sufficiently large to enforce adiabatic evolution; hence increasing the field intensity cannot reduce the dephasing losses. It is shown also that for any dephasing rate, the final populations of the initial state and the intermediate state are equal. For strong dephasing all three populations tend to 13\frac{1}{3}31​.
The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) shows an efficient technique that accurately transfers population between two discrete quantum states with the same parity, in three-level quantum systems based on adiabatic evolution. This technique has widely theoretical and experimental applications in many fields of physics, chemistry, and beyond. Here, we present a generally robust approach to speed up STIRAP with invariant-based shortcut to adiabaticity. By controlling the dynamical process, we inversely design a family of Hamiltonians that can realize fast and accurate population transfer from the first to the third level, while the systematic error is largely suppressed in general. Furthermore, a detailed trade-off relation between the population of the intermediate state and the amplitudes of Rabi frequencies in the transfer process is illustrated. These results provide an optimal route toward manipulating the evolution of three-level quantum systems in future quantum information processing.