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arXiv:1107.0244 · Physical Review A

Negative index of refraction in a four-level system with magnetoelectric cross coupling and local field corrections

Frank Bello

Published Jul 5, 2011• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This research focuses on a coherently driven four-level atomic medium with the aim of inducing a negative index of refraction while taking into consideration local field corrections as well as magnetoelectric cross coupling (i.e.,chirality) within the material's response functions. Two control fields are used to render the medium transparent for a probe field which simultaneously couples to an electric and a magnetic dipole transition, thus allowing one to test the permittivity and permeability of the material at the same time. Numerical simulations show that a negative index of refraction with low absorption can be obtained for a range of probe detunings while depending on number density and the ratio between the intensities of the control fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.013803

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This research focuses on a coherently driven four-level atomic medium with the aim of inducing a negative index of refraction while taking into consideration local field corrections as well as magnetoelectric cross coupling (i.e.,chirality) within the material's response functions. Two control fields are used to render the medium transparent for a probe field which simultaneously couples to an electric and a magnetic dipole transition, thus allowing one to test the permittivity and permeability of the material at the same time. Numerical simulations show that a negative index of refraction with low absorption can be obtained for a range of probe detunings while depending on number density and the ratio between the intensities of the control fields.
We discuss the feasibility of negative refraction with reduced absorption in coherently driven atomic media. Coherent coupling of an electric and a magnetic dipole transition by laser fields induces magnetoelectric cross coupling and negative refraction at dipole densities which are considerably smaller than necessary to achieve a negative permeability. At the same time the absorption gets minimized due to destructive quantum interference and the ratio of negative refraction index to absorption becomes orders of magnitude larger than in systems without coherent cross coupling. The proposed scheme allows for a fine tuning of the refractive index. We derive a generalized expression for the impedance of a medium with magnetoelectric cross coupling and show that impedance matching to vacuum can easily be achieved. Finally we discuss the tensorial properties of the medium response and derive expressions for the dependence of the refractive index on the propagation direction.
This paper intends to realize negative refraction with absorption suppressed by the electromagneticly induced transparency(EIT) in a dense four-level atomic system. Without the two equal transition frequencies responding to the probe field, the atomic system displays a negative refraction with the simultaneously negative permittivity and negative permeability(Left-handedness). The response of the probe field is amplified and propagates transparency in some frequency extents. Therefore, our aim for searching the low-loss negative refraction can be achieved in the scheme, given the main applied limitation of the negative refractive materials is the large amount of dissipation and absorption. However, an excessive signal field intensity would increase the absorption near the resonance in our scheme.
This paper investigates the microwave-synchronized fine-tuning of electromagnetically induced chirality in a four-level atomic system. The system is driven by two optical fields and one microwave field in an extended double-Λ configuration. Under low-density conditions, the system exhibits double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which can be controlled by adjusting the amplitudes of coupling fields and the phase of the microwave field. We show that, under suitable conditions of the coupling field amplitudes and microwave phase, the double EIT reduces to a single EIT as a result of multi-path quantum interference. These optical processes are elucidated using dressed-state analysis. In this context, we also examine the magnetic susceptibility and chiral coefficients. Furthermore, by incorporating local-field corrections for a high-density medium, we demonstrate broadband absorption-free negative refraction of the probe field, where neither the effective permittivity nor the permeability is required to be simultaneously negative.
We present a scheme that achieves negative refraction with low absorption in far-off resonant atomic systems. The scheme utilizes Raman resonances and does not require the simultaneous presence of an electric-dipole transition and a magnetic-dipole transition near the same wavelength. We show that two interfering Raman tran-sitions coupled to a magnetic-dipole transition can achieve a negative index of refraction with low absorption through magnetoelectric cross-coupling. We confirm the validity of the analytical results with exact numerical simulations of the density matrix. We also discuss possible experimental implementations of the scheme in rare-earth metal atomic systems.
This paper studies the electromagnetic response of a coherently driven dense atomic ensemble to a weak probe. It finds that negative refraction with little absorption may be achieved in the presence of local-field enhanced interaction and dynamically induced chirality. The complex refractive index governing the probe refraction and absorption depends critically on the atomic density, the steady population distribution, the coherence dephasings, and the frequency detunings, and is also sensitive to the phase of the driving field because the photonic transition paths form a close loop. Thus, it can periodically tune the refractive index at a fixed frequency from negative to positive values and vice versa just by modulating the driving phase. Moreover, the optimal negative refraction is found to be near the probe magnetic resonance, which then requires the electric fields of the probe and the drive being on two-photon resonance due to the dipole synchronisation.