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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Electromagnetic chirality-induced negative refraction via atomic coherence

Fuli Li, Aiping Fang, Meng Wang

Published Sep 22, 2009• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetic chirality-induced negative refraction in a four-level atomic medium is investigated by initially preparing coherent states of the atom. We show that the negative refraction can be carried out with deeply depressing absorption and without simultaneously requiring both negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability in an ideal situation where the two chirality coefficients have the same amplitude but the opposite phase.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/42/19/195505

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Electromagnetic chirality-induced negative refraction in a four-level atomic medium is investigated by initially preparing coherent states of the atom. We show that the negative refraction can be carried out with deeply depressing absorption and without simultaneously requiring both negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability in an ideal situation where the two chirality coefficients have the same amplitude but the opposite phase.
Abstract We investigate the electromagnetic chirality and negative refraction in a concentric nanoshell of a chiral metal sphere and a chiral atomic shell. The medium of the atomic shell with a four-level system is driven by a laser field and an incoherent pump field in a diamond configuration. We show that the electric and magnetic absorption spectra connecting through the chiral coefficients of the respective dipole moments of the two media, produce five and three lines spectral profiles. We explain that the spectral lines separated by dips are the manifestation of the classical (quantum) coherence effect of the wave field excitation in the medium of the metal sphere (atomic shell), and the interaction of the respective dipole moments at the interface of the two media. Furthermore, we show negative refraction with zero absorption without requiring permittivity (ϵ) and permeability (μ) simultaneously negative, where for all values of the incident wavelength, Re [μ] ≈ 1, representing a strong chiral electromagnetic behavior. Consequently, the negative refractive index enhances sufficiently beyond n = −1 for a wide range of parameters depending on the coupling parameters, chiral coefficients, and the radii ratio of the concentric metal-atomic nanoshell.
This research focuses on a coherently driven four-level atomic medium with the aim of inducing a negative index of refraction while taking into consideration local field corrections as well as magnetoelectric cross coupling (i.e.,chirality) within the material's response functions. Two control fields are used to render the medium transparent for a probe field which simultaneously couples to an electric and a magnetic dipole transition, thus allowing one to test the permittivity and permeability of the material at the same time. Numerical simulations show that a negative index of refraction with low absorption can be obtained for a range of probe detunings while depending on number density and the ratio between the intensities of the control fields.
We show that negative refraction with minimal absorption can be obtained by means of quantum interference effects similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Coupling a magnetic dipole transition coherently with an electric dipole transition leads to electromagnetically induced chirality, which can provide negative refraction without requiring negative permeability and also suppress absorption. This technique allows negative refraction in the optical regime at densities where the magnetic susceptibility is still small and with refraction/absorption ratios that are orders of magnitude larger than those achievable previously. Furthermore, the refractive index can be fine-tuned, which is essential for practical realization of subdiffraction-limit imaging. As with EIT, electromagnetically induced chirality should be applicable to a wide range of systems.
This paper investigates the microwave-synchronized fine-tuning of electromagnetically induced chirality in a four-level atomic system. The system is driven by two optical fields and one microwave field in an extended double-Λ configuration. Under low-density conditions, the system exhibits double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which can be controlled by adjusting the amplitudes of coupling fields and the phase of the microwave field. We show that, under suitable conditions of the coupling field amplitudes and microwave phase, the double EIT reduces to a single EIT as a result of multi-path quantum interference. These optical processes are elucidated using dressed-state analysis. In this context, we also examine the magnetic susceptibility and chiral coefficients. Furthermore, by incorporating local-field corrections for a high-density medium, we demonstrate broadband absorption-free negative refraction of the probe field, where neither the effective permittivity nor the permeability is required to be simultaneously negative.
This paper intends to realize negative refraction with absorption suppressed by the electromagneticly induced transparency(EIT) in a dense four-level atomic system. Without the two equal transition frequencies responding to the probe field, the atomic system displays a negative refraction with the simultaneously negative permittivity and negative permeability(Left-handedness). The response of the probe field is amplified and propagates transparency in some frequency extents. Therefore, our aim for searching the low-loss negative refraction can be achieved in the scheme, given the main applied limitation of the negative refractive materials is the large amount of dissipation and absorption. However, an excessive signal field intensity would increase the absorption near the resonance in our scheme.