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arXiv:1103.4908 · Physical Review A

Mode competition in superradiant scattering of matter waves

Thibault Vogt, Bo Lu, Xinxing Liu, Xu Xu, Xiaoji Zhou, Xuzong Chen

Published May 3, 2011• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Superradiant Rayleigh scattering in a Bose gas released from an optical lattice is analyzed with incident light pumping at the Bragg angle for resonant light diffraction. We show that competition between superradiance scattering into the Bragg mode and into end-fire modes clearly leads to suppression of the latter at even relatively low lattice depths. A quantum light-matter interaction model is proposed for qualitatively explaining this result.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.053603

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Superradiant Rayleigh scattering in a Bose gas released from an optical lattice is analyzed with incident light pumping at the Bragg angle for resonant light diffraction. We show that competition between superradiance scattering into the Bragg mode and into end-fire modes clearly leads to suppression of the latter at even relatively low lattice depths. A quantum light-matter interaction model is proposed for qualitatively explaining this result.
Correlations of a Bose gas released from an optical lattice are measured using superradiant scattering. Conditions are chosen so that, after initial incident light pumping at the Bragg angle for diffraction, superradiant scattering into the Bragg diffracted mode is preponderant due to matter-wave amplification and mode competition. A temporal analysis of the superradiant scattering gain reveals periodical oscillations and damping due to the initial lack of coherence between lattice sites. Such damping is used for characterizing first-order spatial correlations in our system with a precision of one lattice period.
Due to its coherence properties and high optical depth, a Bose–Einstein condensate [BEC] provides an ideal setting to investigate collective atom-light interactions. Superradiant light scattering [SLS] in a BEC is a fascinating example of such an interaction. It is an analogous process to Dicke superradiance, in which an electronically inverted sample decays collectively, leading to the emission of one or more light pulses in a well-defined direction. Through time-resolved measurements of the superradiant light pulses emitted by an end-pumped BEC, we study the close connection of SLS with Dicke superradiance. A 1D model of the system yields good agreement with the experimental data and shows that the dynamics result from the structures that build up in the light and matter-wave fields along the BEC. This paves the way for exploiting the atom–photon correlations generated by the superradiance.
The spatial and time evolutions of superradiant scattering are studied theoretically for a weak pump beam with different frequency components traveling along the long axis of an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate. Resulting from the analysis for mode competition between the different resonant channels and the local depletion of the spatial distribution in the superradiant Rayleigh scattering, a method of getting a large number of high-order forward modes by resonant frequency components of the pump beam is provided, which is beneficial to a lager momentum transfer in atom manipulation for the atom interferometry and atomic optics.