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arXiv:1011.0384 · Physical Review A

Quantum-dot-induced phase shift in a pillar microcavity

A. B. Young, Rupert F. Oulton, C. Y. Hu, Arthur C. T. Thijssen, Christian Schneider, Stephan Reitzenstein, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, John G. Rarity

Published Jul 13, 2011• 94 citations
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Abstract

We perform high-resolution reflection spectroscopy of a quantum dot resonantly coupled to a pillar microcavity. We show the change in reflectivity as the quantum dot is tuned through the cavity resonance and measure the quantum-dot-induced phase shift using an ultrastable interferometer. The macroscopic phase shift we measure could be extended to the study of charged quantum dot pillar microcavity systems, where it could be exploited to realize a high-efficiency spin photon interface for hybrid quantum information schemes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.011803

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We perform high-resolution reflection spectroscopy of a quantum dot resonantly coupled to a pillar microcavity. We show the change in reflectivity as the quantum dot is tuned through the cavity resonance and measure the quantum-dot-induced phase shift using an ultrastable interferometer. The macroscopic phase shift we measure could be extended to the study of charged quantum dot pillar microcavity systems, where it could be exploited to realize a high-efficiency spin photon interface for hybrid quantum information schemes.
Quantum dots (QDs) can be incorporated into solid state photonic devices such as cavities or waveguides that enhance the light-matter interaction. A near unit efficiency light-matter interaction is essential for deterministic, scalable quantum information devices [1]. In this limit, a single photon input into the device will undergo a large rotation of the polarization of the light field due to the strong interaction with the QD. In the past preliminary results have indicated that a low quality-factor (Q~290) pillar microcavity possesses a high ß-factor and that the instantaneous interactions should be deterministic and with high fidelity [2].
Quantum dots have long been considered systems that could deliver a significant advantage for practical quantum information applications. Their atomic dipolelike transitions and their compatibility to be integrated into a variety of photonic structures has highlighted this fact. Here, the authors measure an unexpectedly high single-photon level phase shift (~6${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$), induced upon reflection from a singly negatively charged quantum dot incorporated in a low-QQQ-factor cavity (QQQ~290). This measurement provides the first evidence for a system with unit fidelity and a high efficiency in its interactions. The result opens a new road to realistic spin-photon entanglement devices, in a simple and easy to fabricate photonic structure.
This thesis presents a viable route towards the implementation of quantum computing utilizing quantum dots embedded in optical microcavities. Following the introduction of the big picture and long-term visionary goal, general concepts fundamental to this field of research are described: quantum dots and microcavities, forming the physical system explored; and cavity quantum electrodynamics, the theoretical language used to describe their interaction.\n\nThe physical structure and the optical mode composition in oxide-apertured micropillar cavities is analyzed. Permanent tuning methods achieving polarization degenerate cavities resonant with a quantum dot transition are illustrated. Active positioning of single quantum dots is developed providing an accuracy suitable to measure the interaction between a quantum dot and a cavity in the strong coupling limit. The possibility to waveguide-couple photonic crystal cavities on the same sample is explored. A theoretical description of the quantum-dot confined electron dynamics is presented. \nPresented are ideas how a hybrid quantum system could serve for implementation of a controlled NOT gate, and therewith be the building block for a quantum computer, exploiting the weak coupling regime. A Bell-state analyzer is the second scheme that is discussed. \nResults from reflection spectroscopy measurements on single quantum dots in a micropillar cavity are presented.