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Macroscopic Kerr Rotation from a Bright Negatively Charged Quantum Dot in a Low-Q Micropillar Cavity

Petros Androvitsaneas, A. B. Young, Christian Schneider, Sven Höfling, Martin Kamp, Edmund Harbord, John Rarity, Ruth Oulton

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report the measurement of macroscopic phase shifts of several degrees for reflected incident light resonant with a bright negatively charged quantum dot (QD) in a micropillar structure of Q-factor less than 200.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2015.ff2b.2

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Quantum dots have long been considered systems that could deliver a significant advantage for practical quantum information applications. Their atomic dipolelike transitions and their compatibility to be integrated into a variety of photonic structures has highlighted this fact. Here, the authors measure an unexpectedly high single-photon level phase shift (~6${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$), induced upon reflection from a singly negatively charged quantum dot incorporated in a low-QQQ-factor cavity (QQQ~290). This measurement provides the first evidence for a system with unit fidelity and a high efficiency in its interactions. The result opens a new road to realistic spin-photon entanglement devices, in a simple and easy to fabricate photonic structure.
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Quantum dots (QDs) can be incorporated into solid state photonic devices such as cavities or waveguides that enhance the light-matter interaction. A near unit efficiency light-matter interaction is essential for deterministic, scalable quantum information devices [1]. In this limit, a single photon input into the device will undergo a large rotation of the polarization of the light field due to the strong interaction with the QD. In the past preliminary results have indicated that a low quality-factor (Q~290) pillar microcavity possesses a high ß-factor and that the instantaneous interactions should be deterministic and with high fidelity [2].
Solid-state quantum emitters have long been recognized as the ideal platform to realize integrated quantum photonic technologies. We demonstrate that a self-assembled negatively charged quantum dot (QD) in a low Q-factor photonic micropillar is a suitable design for deterministic polarization switching and spin-photon entanglement. We show this by measuring a shift in phase of an input single photon of at least 2π/3. As we explain in the text, this is strong experimental proof that input photons can interact with the emitter deterministically. A deterministic photon-emitter interaction is a viable and scalable means to achieve several vital functionalities such as single photon switches and entanglement gates. Our experimentally determined value is limited by mode mismatch between the input laser and the cavity, QD spectral fluctuations, and spin relaxation. When on-resonance we estimate that up to ∼80% of the collected photons couple into the cavity mode and have interacted with the QD and undergone a phase shift of π.