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arXiv:1511.08776 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Charged quantum dot micropillar system for deterministic light-matter interactions

Petros Androvitsaneas, A. B. Young, C. Schneider, Stefan Alexander Maier, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling, Sebastian Knauer, Edmund Harbord, C. Y. Hu, John G. Rarity, Rupert F. Oulton

Published Jun 21, 2016• 59 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum dots have long been considered systems that could deliver a significant advantage for practical quantum information applications. Their atomic dipolelike transitions and their compatibility to be integrated into a variety of photonic structures has highlighted this fact. Here, the authors measure an unexpectedly high single-photon level phase shift (~6${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$), induced upon reflection from a singly negatively charged quantum dot incorporated in a low-$Q$-factor cavity ($Q$~290). This measurement provides the first evidence for a system with unit fidelity and a high efficiency in its interactions. The result opens a new road to realistic spin-photon entanglement devices, in a simple and easy to fabricate photonic structure.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.93.241409

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Quantum dots have long been considered systems that could deliver a significant advantage for practical quantum information applications. Their atomic dipolelike transitions and their compatibility to be integrated into a variety of photonic structures has highlighted this fact. Here, the authors measure an unexpectedly high single-photon level phase shift (~6\ensuremath∘{}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ensuremath∘), induced upon reflection from a singly negatively charged quantum dot incorporated in a low-QQQ-factor cavity (QQQ~290). This measurement provides the first evidence for a system with unit fidelity and a high efficiency in its interactions. The result opens a new road to realistic spin-photon entanglement devices, in a simple and easy to fabricate photonic structure.
Solid-state quantum emitters have long been recognized as the ideal platform to realize integrated quantum photonic technologies. We demonstrate that a self-assembled negatively charged quantum dot (QD) in a low Q-factor photonic micropillar is a suitable design for deterministic polarization switching and spin-photon entanglement. We show this by measuring a shift in phase of an input single photon of at least 2π/3. As we explain in the text, this is strong experimental proof that input photons can interact with the emitter deterministically. A deterministic photon-emitter interaction is a viable and scalable means to achieve several vital functionalities such as single photon switches and entanglement gates. Our experimentally determined value is limited by mode mismatch between the input laser and the cavity, QD spectral fluctuations, and spin relaxation. When on-resonance we estimate that up to ∼80% of the collected photons couple into the cavity mode and have interacted with the QD and undergone a phase shift of π.
Quantum dots (QDs) can be incorporated into solid state photonic devices such as cavities or waveguides that enhance the light-matter interaction. A near unit efficiency light-matter interaction is essential for deterministic, scalable quantum information devices [1]. In this limit, a single photon input into the device will undergo a large rotation of the polarization of the light field due to the strong interaction with the QD. In the past preliminary results have indicated that a low quality-factor (Q~290) pillar microcavity possesses a high ß-factor and that the instantaneous interactions should be deterministic and with high fidelity [2].
A cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) system consisting of a confined single photon and a single quantum emitter serves as a fundamental block for quantum optics and photonic quantum technologies. The canonical optical mode employed in the conventional cavity quantum electrodynamics features a uniform polarization distribution, leading to the scalar light-matter interaction in most existing experiments. Despite the rapid progress in the generation of structured light with spatially varied polarizations, the structured light-matter interaction, especially at the single quanta level, is highly intriguing yet largely unexplored. Here, we present the structured light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in a semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics system. Four distinct structured cavity modes that are spectrally close to each other are constructed in a micropillar cavity. By spatially locating a single epitaxial quantum dot (QD) at the periphery of a semiconductor micropillar cavity and spectrally tuning the QD emission wavelength into the resonances of the structured cavity modes, cavity-enhanced single-photon emissions with spin-locked chiral orbital angular momentum (OAM) and engineerable spin-orbit entanglements are achieved within a single wavelength-scale device. Our work opens an unexplored paradigm of structured quantum light-matter interactions and may further advance chiral quantum optics and high-dimensional photonic quantum technology.
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