Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1003.5840 · Physical Review A

Reliable source of conditional states from single-mode pulsed thermal fields by multiple-photon subtraction

Alessia Allevi, Alessandra Andreoni, Maria Bondani, Marco G. Genoni, Stefano Olivares

Published Jul 14, 2010• 52 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate the effect of multiple-photon subtraction on the generation of conditional states in the pulsed regime. Our experimental scheme relies on a beam splitter (BS) and a pair of linear photodetectors that are able to resolve up to tens of photons. We use a single-mode thermal field at the input port of the BS to test the reliability of our scheme, and we show good agreement with the theory by fully characterizing the conditional outgoing states in terms of photon-number statistics and non-Gaussianity.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.013816

Related papers

Reliable source of conditional states by multiple-photon subtraction using hybrid photodetectors

Maria Bondani, Alessia Allevi, Marco G. Genoni +3 more

By using hybrid photodetectors we exploited the photon-number correlations existing in bipartite optical states to demonstrate the effect of multiple-photon subtraction on the generation of conditional states in the pulsed regime. We operated on both classical and quantum Gaussian bipartite states in the mesoscopic regime without background subtraction and corrections. The obtained conditional states are non-Gaussian in nature, thus particularly useful for applications to Quantum Information. All the experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical models.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 1, 2012•2 citations

Conditional generation of arbitrary single-mode quantum states of light by repeated photon subtractions

Jaromı́r Fiurášek, Raúl García−Patrón, Nicolas J. Cerf

We propose a scheme for the conditional generation of arbitrary finite superpositions of Fock states in a single mode of a traveling optical field. The setup requires a source of squeezed vacuum states, beam splitters, strong coherent beams, photodetectors with single-photon sensitivity, and a final squeezer. If we want to generate a squeezed superposition of Fock states, which is sufficient in several applications, then the last squeezer is not even needed. The thrust of this method is that it achieves a high fidelity without requiring photodetectors with a high efficiency or a single-photon resolution. The possibility to improve its scaling by using a quantum memory is also discussed.

arXiv:quant-ph/0503111•Physical Review A•Sep 23, 2005•123 citations

Manipulating thermal light via displaced-photon subtraction

Gioan Tatsi, David W. Canning, Ugo Zanforlin +3 more

Thermal radiation played a pivotal role in the preliminary development of quantum physics where it helped resolve the apparent incongruity of the ultraviolet catastrophe. In contemporary physics, thermal state generation and manipulation finds new application in fields such as quantum imaging and quantum illumination and as a practical realization of Maxwell's demon. These applications often go hand in hand with photon subtraction operations which probabilistically amplify the mean photon number (MPN) of thermal light as a result of its super-Poissonian photon statistics. In this article, we introduce an operation for thermal states of light based on a generalized photon subtraction scheme. Displaced-photon subtraction (DPS) makes use of coherent state displacement followed by a subsequent anti-displacement in combination with single-photon detection to probe the MPN of a thermal state. We find regimes in which the output of a successful DPS is amplified, unchanged, or attenuated relative to the unconditioned output state. The regime of operation is controlled via the magnitude of the coherent displacement. A theoretical description of generalized photon subtraction of a displaced thermal state is derived via a two-mode moment-generating function (MGF) and used to describe generalized DPS. We perform a proof of principle experimental implementation of DPS for the case of a balanced beam splitter for which results demonstrate good agreement with the model.

Physical Review A•May 2, 2022•10 citations

Theoretical and experimental study of multi-mode thermal states with subtraction of a random number of photons

G. V. Avosopiants, Yu. I. Bogdanov, Nadezhda A. Bogdanova +2 more

This work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of quantum states of light conditionally prepared by subtraction of a random number of photons from the initial multimode thermal state. A fixed number of photons is subtracted from a multimode quantum state, but only a subsystem of a lower number of modes is registered, in which the number of subtracted photons turns out to be a non-fixed random variable. It is shown that the investigation of multiphoton subtracted multimode thermal states provides a direct study of the fundamental quantum-statistical properties of bosons using a simple experimental implementation. The developed experimental setup plays a role of a specific boson lototron, which is based on the fundamental link between the statistics of boson systems and the Polya distribution. It is shown that the calculation of the photon number distribution based on the Polya‟s urn scheme is equivalent to a calculation using statistical weights for boson systems. A mathematical model based on the composition of the Polya distribution and thermal state is developed and verified. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the developed theory.

arXiv:1906.06384•International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics (ICMNE)•Mar 15, 2019•3 citations

Multiple Photon Subtraction on Light with Tunable Intensity Correlations

Minju Kim, 김석진, Seongjin Hong +1 more

ABSTRACT We present a unified theoretical and experimental investigation of multiple‐photon subtraction on intensity‐modulated optical fields with negative binomial photon statistics. Using an electro‐optic modulator, we generate fields with tunable from 1.00 to 2.85, spanning coherent, thermal, and super‐thermal regimes. Our theoretical framework based on the negative binomial distribution reveals that ‐photon subtraction transforms the coherence parameter as , providing explicit predictions for all photon statistics. Through systematic experiments with heralded photon‐number resolving detection, we demonstrate excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment. The results confirm that a beam splitter with photon‐number resolving detector implementation faithfully reproduces ideal photon subtraction for , while zero‐photon subtraction represents a distinct conditional measurement. This work provides a unified reference for understanding photon subtraction across all intensity correlation regimes.

Advanced Quantum Technologies•Apr 1, 2026•0 citations

Experimental photon addition and subtraction in multi-mode and entangled optical fields

Kishore Thapliyal, Jan Peřina, Ondřej Haderka +2 more

Multiple photon addition and subtraction applied to multi-mode thermal and sub-Poissonian fields as well as twin beams are mutually compared using one experimental setup. Twin beams (TWBs) with tight spatial correlations detected by an intensified CCD camera with high spatial resolution are used to prepare the initial fields. Up to three photons are added or subtracted to arrive at the nonclassical and non-Gaussian states. Only the photon-subtracted thermal states (TSs) remain classical. In general, the experimental photon-added states exhibit greater nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity than the comparable photon-subtracted states. Once photons are added or subtracted in twin beams, both processes result in comparable properties of the obtained states owing to twin-beam photon pairing.

arXiv:2407.09269•Optics Letters•Jul 16, 2024•6 citations
We demonstrate the effect of multiple-photon subtraction on the generation of conditional states in the pulsed regime. Our experimental scheme relies on a beam splitter (BS) and a pair of linear photodetectors that are able to resolve up to tens of photons. We use a single-mode thermal field at the input port of the BS to test the reliability of our scheme, and we show good agreement with the theory by fully characterizing the conditional outgoing states in terms of photon-number statistics and non-Gaussianity.
By using hybrid photodetectors we exploited the photon-number correlations existing in bipartite optical states to demonstrate the effect of multiple-photon subtraction on the generation of conditional states in the pulsed regime. We operated on both classical and quantum Gaussian bipartite states in the mesoscopic regime without background subtraction and corrections. The obtained conditional states are non-Gaussian in nature, thus particularly useful for applications to Quantum Information. All the experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical models.
We propose a scheme for the conditional generation of arbitrary finite superpositions of Fock states in a single mode of a traveling optical field. The setup requires a source of squeezed vacuum states, beam splitters, strong coherent beams, photodetectors with single-photon sensitivity, and a final squeezer. If we want to generate a squeezed superposition of Fock states, which is sufficient in several applications, then the last squeezer is not even needed. The thrust of this method is that it achieves a high fidelity without requiring photodetectors with a high efficiency or a single-photon resolution. The possibility to improve its scaling by using a quantum memory is also discussed.
Thermal radiation played a pivotal role in the preliminary development of quantum physics where it helped resolve the apparent incongruity of the ultraviolet catastrophe. In contemporary physics, thermal state generation and manipulation finds new application in fields such as quantum imaging and quantum illumination and as a practical realization of Maxwell's demon. These applications often go hand in hand with photon subtraction operations which probabilistically amplify the mean photon number (MPN) of thermal light as a result of its super-Poissonian photon statistics. In this article, we introduce an operation for thermal states of light based on a generalized photon subtraction scheme. Displaced-photon subtraction (DPS) makes use of coherent state displacement followed by a subsequent anti-displacement in combination with single-photon detection to probe the MPN of a thermal state. We find regimes in which the output of a successful DPS is amplified, unchanged, or attenuated relative to the unconditioned output state. The regime of operation is controlled via the magnitude of the coherent displacement. A theoretical description of generalized photon subtraction of a displaced thermal state is derived via a two-mode moment-generating function (MGF) and used to describe generalized DPS. We perform a proof of principle experimental implementation of DPS for the case of a balanced beam splitter for which results demonstrate good agreement with the model.
This work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of quantum states of light conditionally prepared by subtraction of a random number of photons from the initial multimode thermal state. A fixed number of photons is subtracted from a multimode quantum state, but only a subsystem of a lower number of modes is registered, in which the number of subtracted photons turns out to be a non-fixed random variable. It is shown that the investigation of multiphoton subtracted multimode thermal states provides a direct study of the fundamental quantum-statistical properties of bosons using a simple experimental implementation. The developed experimental setup plays a role of a specific boson lototron, which is based on the fundamental link between the statistics of boson systems and the Polya distribution. It is shown that the calculation of the photon number distribution based on the Polya‟s urn scheme is equivalent to a calculation using statistical weights for boson systems. A mathematical model based on the composition of the Polya distribution and thermal state is developed and verified. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the developed theory.
ABSTRACT We present a unified theoretical and experimental investigation of multiple‐photon subtraction on intensity‐modulated optical fields with negative binomial photon statistics. Using an electro‐optic modulator, we generate fields with tunable from 1.00 to 2.85, spanning coherent, thermal, and super‐thermal regimes. Our theoretical framework based on the negative binomial distribution reveals that ‐photon subtraction transforms the coherence parameter as , providing explicit predictions for all photon statistics. Through systematic experiments with heralded photon‐number resolving detection, we demonstrate excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment. The results confirm that a beam splitter with photon‐number resolving detector implementation faithfully reproduces ideal photon subtraction for , while zero‐photon subtraction represents a distinct conditional measurement. This work provides a unified reference for understanding photon subtraction across all intensity correlation regimes.
Multiple photon addition and subtraction applied to multi-mode thermal and sub-Poissonian fields as well as twin beams are mutually compared using one experimental setup. Twin beams (TWBs) with tight spatial correlations detected by an intensified CCD camera with high spatial resolution are used to prepare the initial fields. Up to three photons are added or subtracted to arrive at the nonclassical and non-Gaussian states. Only the photon-subtracted thermal states (TSs) remain classical. In general, the experimental photon-added states exhibit greater nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity than the comparable photon-subtracted states. Once photons are added or subtracted in twin beams, both processes result in comparable properties of the obtained states owing to twin-beam photon pairing.