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arXiv:0802.0833

The inherent fluctuations of the pulsed atom laser in F=2 manifold of 87Rb atoms

Lin Xia, F. Yang, Xiaoji Zhou, Xuzong Chen

Published Feb 6, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

We have observed the intensity fluctuations of the F=2 87Rb atom laser at low output coupling rate. Theoretically, we find that the atom loss of the condensate due to the output of atom laser leads to fluctuations of the laser pulses, which is inherent in all state changing out-coupling such as rf and Raman. Another reason leading to large fluctuations is the interference of output pulses.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0802.0833

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We have observed the intensity fluctuations of the F=2 87Rb atom laser at low output coupling rate. Theoretically, we find that the atom loss of the condensate due to the output of atom laser leads to fluctuations of the laser pulses, which is inherent in all state changing out-coupling such as rf and Raman. Another reason leading to large fluctuations is the interference of output pulses.
By direct comparison between experiment and theory with no adjustable parameters, we show how the classical fluctuations on a multistate atom laser beam increase with increasing flux. The fluctuations are inherent to state changing out coupling, rf, Raman, or otherwise and are likely to be present in all atom lasers, pulsed or continuous, that employ such out coupling. If not removed or avoided, these classical fluctuations will prevent shot noise limited measurement employing atom lasers of this kind.
We present a theory to derive the output rate of an atom laser consisting of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in a magnetic trap and two additional rf fields transferring trapped atoms to a repelled Zeeman sublevel via an intermediate untrapped Zeeman sublevel. We explicitly obtain the dependence of the output rate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{out}}$ on various characteristic parameters such as a coupling parameter (the Rabi frequency), the atom number density in the center of the condensate, and the strength of the atom-atom interaction.
Imperfect Raman pulses can lead to the formation of multiple interfering paths and affect the output of an atom interferometer in high-precision measurement.We study the effect of the imperfect Raman pulses on the interferometric fringe contrast and the phase shift in the three-pulse atom interferometer by using the evolution operator method.Analytical expressions expanded to the second-order fluctuation of imperfect pulses are derived, in which the effect of coupling the imperfect pulses with laser detuning and pulse duration is also considered.The result indicates that the second-order fluctuation of imperfect pulses is dominant, however, it can be nearly ignored in the current requirements of atomic experiments.Even so, theoretical analysis is very necessary as it may be helpful in proposing some schemes to improve the interference efficiency for future high-precision measurements with atomic interferometry.