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arXiv:0709.2280 · Optics Letters

Experimental evidence for Raman-induced limits to efficient squeezing in optical fibers

Ruifang Dong, J. Heersink, Joel Frederick Corney, P. D. Drummond, Ulrik L. Andersen, Gerd Leuchs

Published Jan 8, 2008• 82 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report new experiments on polarization squeezing using ultrashort photonic pulses in a single pass of a birefringent fiber. We measure what is to our knowledge a record squeezing of -6.8+/-0.3 dB in optical fibers, which when corrected for linear losses is -10.4+/-0.8 dB. The measured polarization squeezing as a function of optical pulse energy, which spans a wide range from 3.5-178.8 pJ, shows a very good agreement with the quantum simulations, and for the first time we see the proof experimentally that Raman effects limit and reduce squeezing at high pulse energy.

DOI
10.1364/ol.33.000116

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We report new experiments on polarization squeezing using ultrashort photonic pulses in a single pass of a birefringent fiber. We measure what is to our knowledge a record squeezing of -6.8+/-0.3 dB in optical fibers, which when corrected for linear losses is -10.4+/-0.8 dB. The measured polarization squeezing as a function of optical pulse energy, which spans a wide range from 3.5-178.8 pJ, shows a very good agreement with the quantum simulations, and for the first time we see the proof experimentally that Raman effects limit and reduce squeezing at high pulse energy.
We investigate polarization squeezing of ultrashort pulses in optical fiber, over a wide range of input energies and fiber lengths. Comparisons are made between experimental data and quantum dynamical simulations to find good quantitative agreement. The numerical calculations, performed using both truncated Wigner and exact +P+P+P phase-space methods, include nonlinear and stochastic Raman effects, through coupling to phonon variables. The simulations reveal that excess phase noise, such as from depolarizing guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering, affects squeezing at low input energies, while Raman effects cause a marked deterioration of squeezing at higher energies and longer fiber lengths. We also calculate the optimum fiber length for maximum squeezing.
We report new experiments that test quantum dynamical predictions of polarization squeezing for ultrashort photonic pulses in a birefringent fiber, including all relevant dissipative effects. This exponentially complex many-body problem is solved by means of a stochastic phase-space method. The squeezing is calculated and compared to experimental data, resulting in excellent quantitative agreement. From the simulations, we identify the physical limits to quantum noise reduction in optical fibers. The research represents a significant experimental test of first-principles time-domain quantum dynamics in a one-dimensional interacting Bose gas coupled to dissipative reservoirs.
We report on the generation of polarization squeezing by employing intense, ultrashort light pulses in a single pass method in photonic crystal fibers. We investigated the squeezing behavior near the zero-dispersion wavelength and in the anomalous dispersion regime by using two distinct fibers. We observed a maximal squeezing at 810 nm of −3.3 ± 0.3 dB with an excess noise of +16.8 ± 0.3 dB in the anomalous regime. Correcting for linear and interference losses between the polarization modes, this corresponds to −6 ± 1 dB. The ratio of squeezing to excess noise indicates the creation of a much purer state; this ratio indeed lies an order of magnitude below those squeezing experiments that exploit traditional fibers [1]. We attribute this increased state of purity to increased effective nonlinearity and to the reduction of scattering on acoustic modes in the fiber.
Comparing stochastic simulations and experimental measurements, we study the quantum dynamics of polarisation squeezing in optical fibres. Squeezing of -6.8 dB is measured, with Raman effects limiting squeezing for higher pulse energies and longer fibres. Depolarising GAWBS phase-noise adversely affects squeezing at low pulse energies. Third-order dispersion is also accounted for in the simulations, and this has an effect on pulses with more than the soliton energy. We theoretically determine the optimal pulse energy and fibre length for the best squeezing.
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of polarization-squeezed light in a short piece of solid-core chalcogenide (ChG) (As2S3) fiber via the Kerr effect for femtosecond pulses at 1.56 µm. Directly measured squeezing of −2.8 dB is obtained in a setup without active stabilization. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results and indicate that the measured squeezing in our setup is mainly limited by the losses in the detection system rather than by the fiber properties.
Broadband quantum noise suppression of light is required for many applications, including detection of gravitational waves, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Here, using numerical simulations, we investigate the possibility of polarization squeezing of ultrashort soliton pulses in an optical fiber with an enlarged mode field area, such as large-mode area or multicore fibers (to scale up the pulse energy). Our model includes the second-order dispersion, Kerr and Raman effects, quantum noise, and optical losses. In simulations, we switch on and switch off Raman effects and losses to find their contribution to squeezing of optical pulses with different durations (0.1–1 ps). For longer solitons, the peak power is lower and a longer fiber is required to attain the same squeezing as for shorter solitons, when Raman effects and losses are neglected. In the full model, we demonstrate optimal pulse duration (~0.4 ps) since losses limit squeezing of longer pulses and Raman effects limit squeezing of shorter pulses.