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arXiv:quant-ph/9910104 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Perturbative calculation of the adiabatic geometric phase and particle in a well with moving walls

Ali Mostafazadeh

Published Nov 11, 1999• 6 citations
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Abstract

We use the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory to calculate the corrections to the adiabatic geometric phase due to a perturbation of the Hamiltonian. We show that these corrections are at least of second order in the perturbation parameter. As an application of our general results we address the problem of the adiabatic geometric phase for a one-dimensional particle which is confined to an infinite square well with moving walls.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/32/47/311

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We use the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory to calculate the corrections to the adiabatic geometric phase due to a perturbation of the Hamiltonian. We show that these corrections are at least of second order in the perturbation parameter. As an application of our general results we address the problem of the adiabatic geometric phase for a one-dimensional particle which is confined to an infinite square well with moving walls.
In this paper we calculate the Berry phase for a wave function of a particle in an infinite spherical potential well with adiabatically varying. In order to do this, we need the solutions of the corresponding Schrödinger equation with a time dependent Hamiltonian. Here, we obtain these solutions for the first time. In addition, we calculate the Berry phase in one dimensional case for an infinite potential well. We see that this phase is comparable with the usual dynamical phase but with different sign. Therefore, it is important to take it into account in the quantum mechanical calculations.
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is used to find energy and wavefunction corrections for a particle confined in a box with infinite walls. The resulting perturbation equations have simple, analytic solutions. The procedure for normalization of the wavefunction corrections is demonstrated, and the perturbation energies and normalized wavefunctions are shown to approach the exact values. The method is applied to both the ground state and first excited state and can become a valuable component of a student’s introduction to perturbation analysis.
We introduce a perturbative approach to solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, named adiabatic perturbation theory (APT), whose zeroth-order term is the quantum adiabatic approximation. The small parameter in the power series expansion of the time-dependent wave function is the inverse of the time it takes to drive the system's Hamiltonian from the initial to its final form. We review other standard perturbative and nonperturbative ways of going beyond the adiabatic approximation, extending and finding exact relations among them, and also compare the efficiency of those methods against the APT. Most importantly, we determine APT corrections to the Berry phase by use of the Aharonov-Anandan geometric phase. We then solve several time-dependent problems, allowing us to illustrate that the APT is the only perturbative method that gives the right corrections to the adiabatic approximation. Finally, we propose an experiment to measure the APT corrections to the Berry phase and show, for a particular spin-1∕21∕21∕2 problem, that to first order in APT the geometric phase should be two and a half times the (adiabatic) Berry phase.
A precise definition of an adiabaticity parameter \ensuremath{\nu} of a time-dependent Hamiltonian is proposed. A variation of the time-dependent perturbation theory is presented which yields a series expansion of the evolution operator U(\ensuremath{\tau})=${\ensuremath{\sum}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\ell}}}$${\mathrm{U}}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\ell}})}$(\ensuremath{\tau}) with ${\mathrm{U}}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\ell}})}$(\ensuremath{\tau}) being at least of the order ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\ell}}}$. In particular, U(0){\mathrm{U}}^{(0)}U(0)(\ensuremath{\tau}) corresponds to the adiabatic approximation and yields Berry's adiabatic phase. It is shown that this series expansion has nothing to do with the 1/\ensuremath{\tau} expansion of U(\ensuremath{\tau}). It is also shown that the nonadiabatic part of the evolution operator is generated by a transformed Hamiltonian which is off-diagonal in the eigenbasis of the initial Hamiltonian. This suggests the introduction of an adiabatic product expansion for U(\ensuremath{\tau}) which turns out to yield exact expressions for U(\ensuremath{\tau}) for a large number of quantum systems. In particular, a simple application of the adiabatic product expansion is used to show that for the Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a magnetic dipole in an arbitrarily changing magnetic field, there exists another Hamiltonian with the same eigenvectors for which the Schr\"odinger equation is exactly solvable. Some related issues concerning geometric phases and their physical significance are also discussed.