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arXiv:quant-ph/9810013 · Physical Review A

Creation of entangled states of distant atoms by interference

C. Cabrillo, J. I. Cirac, P. García-Fernández, P. Zoller

Published Feb 1, 1999• 597 citations
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Abstract

We propose a scheme to create distant entangled atomic states. It is based on driving two (or more) atoms with a weak laser pulse, so that the probability that two atoms are excited is negligible. If the subsequent spontaneous emission is detected, the entangled state is created. We have developed a model to analyze the fidelity of the resulting state as a function of the dimensions and location of the detector, and the motional properties of the atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.1025

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We propose a scheme to create distant entangled atomic states. It is based on driving two (or more) atoms with a weak laser pulse, so that the probability that two atoms are excited is negligible. If the subsequent spontaneous emission is detected, the entangled state is created. We have developed a model to analyze the fidelity of the resulting state as a function of the dimensions and location of the detector, and the motional properties of the atoms.
We propose a scheme to generate the entangled state of two Lambda-type three-level atoms trapped in distant cavities by using interference of polarized photons. Two possible spontaneous emission channels of each excited atom result in a coherent superposition of the states of two atoms. The subsequent detection of the different polarized photons reveals that both atoms are in different ground states, but an interference effect prevents us from distinguishing which atom is in which ground state; the atoms are thus entangled. In comparison with the original proposal of interference-induced entanglement [C. Cabrillo, J. Cirac, P. Garcia-Fernandez, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1025 (1999)]], in our scheme the weakly driven condition is not required, and the influence of atomic excitement and atomic recoil on the entanglement fidelity can be eliminated.
A scheme to generate the entanglement between two distant atoms by the interference of polarized photons is proposed. The model consists of two identical /spl Lambda/-type three-level atoms trapped in two distant optical cavities respectively. Each atom has a excited state |e> and two degenerate ground states |g/sub L/> and |g/sub R/>. The scheme is based on the interference effect where the coherent superposition of atomic states is generated in photon emission process. The scheme gives several advantages: (i) both atoms are excited simultaneously; (ii) the driving condition does not influence the fidelity of the final entangled states; and (iii) the influence of atomic recoil on the entanglement fidelity could be eliminated.
A scheme is presented for generation of entangled states for two atoms trapped in two distant bad cavities. The scheme can work with bad cavities with the coupling strength smaller than the cavity decay rate, which is important from the viewpoint of experiment. In the scheme the atoms have no probability of being populated in the excited state and thus the atomic spontaneous emission is suppressed, which increases the probability of success. The fidelity of the entangled state is not affected by the detection efficiency. Furthermore, the scheme does not require the detection of the left-polarized photon and right-polarized photon at the same time.
A scheme for entangling distant atoms is realized, as proposed in the seminal paper by [C. Cabrillo et al., Phys. Rev. A 59, 1025 (1999)]. The protocol is based on quantum interference and detection of a single photon scattered from two effectively one meter distant laser cooled and trapped atomic ions. The detection of a single photon heralds entanglement of two internal states of the trapped ions with high rate and with a fidelity limited mostly by atomic motion. Control of the entangled state phase is demonstrated by changing the path length of the single-photon interferometer.