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arXiv:quant-ph/0610112 · Physical Review Letters

Experimental Demonstration of Four-Party Quantum Secret Sharing

Sascha Gaertner, Christian Kurtsiefer, Mohamed Bourennane, Harald Weinfurter

Published Jan 12, 2007• 176 citations
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Abstract

Secret sharing is a multiparty cryptographic task in which some secret information is split into several pieces which are distributed among the participants such that only an authorized set of participants can reconstruct the original secret. Similar to quantum key distribution, in quantum secret sharing, the secrecy of the shared information relies not on computational assumptions, but on laws of quantum physics. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of four-party quantum secret sharing via the resource of four-photon entanglement.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.98.020503

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Secret sharing is a multiparty cryptographic task in which some secret information is split into several pieces which are distributed among the participants such that only an authorized set of participants can reconstruct the original secret. Similar to quantum key distribution, in quantum secret sharing, the secrecy of the shared information relies not on computational assumptions, but on laws of quantum physics. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of four-party quantum secret sharing via the resource of four-photon entanglement.
Abstract We consider two simple and practical protocols for multiparty communication and show their experimental realization. These protocols deal with the task of secret sharing in which a secret message is split among several parties in a way that its reconstruction requires their mutual collaboration. In the presented schemes the parties solve the problem by two different approaches: The first uses as a resource the multiqubit entangled state |Π4‐〉. As no interferometric setups are required here, contrary to known schemes, involving Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states, its implementation is simpler and more stable. In the second scheme only sequential transformations on a single qubit are used. This further tremendously simplifies the method, makes it scalable with regard to the number of participating partners and above all, technologically comparable to quantum key distribution.
We present a simple and practical protocol for the solution of a secure multiparty communication task, the secret sharing, and its proof-of-principle experimental realization. In this protocol, a secret is split among several parties in a way that its reconstruction requires the collaboration of the participating parties. In our scheme the parties solve the problem by sequential transformations on a single qubit. In contrast with recently proposed schemes involving multiparticle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, the approach demonstrated here is much easier to realize and scalable in practical applications.
We present a new protocol for the quantum secret sharing (QSS) task among multiparties with two-particle entangled states. In our scheme, the secret is split among a number of participating partners and the reconstruction requires collaboration of all the authorized partners. Instead of multiparticle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states, only two-particle entangled states are employed in this scheme. By local operations and individual measurements on either of the two entangled particles, each authorized partner obtains a sequence of secret bits shared with other authorized partners. This protocol can be experimentally realized using only linear optical elements and simple entanglement source. It is scalable in practice.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic multiparty communication technique in which a secret is divided and shared among N parties and then securely reconstructed by (N-1) cooperating parties, making it perfect for storing and sharing highly sensitive data. Challenges in high dimensional state preparation, transformation and detection, the key steps of any QSS protocol, have so far hindered experimental realisation. Here, by taking advantage of the high-dimensional encoding space accessible by a photon's orbital angular momentum, we present a toolbox for realising practical high-dimensional single photon QSS schemes that are easily scalable in both dimension and number of participants. Our implementations realised a new record in both the number of participants (N=10) and the dimensionality (d=11), with the latter facilitating the transfer of 2.89 bits of information per photon. This work is an important step towards securely distributing information across a network of nodes.