Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0605234 · Applied Physics Letters

Integration of fiber-coupled high-Q SiNx microdisks with atom chips

Paul E. Barclay, Kartik A. Srinivasan, Oskar J. Painter, Benjamin Lev, Hideo Mabuchi

Published Sep 25, 2006• 134 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Micron scale silicon nitride (SiNx) microdisk optical resonators are demonstrated with Q=3.6×106 and an effective mode volume of 15(λ∕n)3 at near-visible wavelengths. A hydrofluoric acid wet etch provides sensitive tuning of the microdisk resonances, and robust mounting of a fiber taper provides efficient fiber optic coupling to the microdisks while allowing unfettered optical access for laser cooling and trapping of atoms. Measurements indicate that cesium adsorption on the SiNx surfaces significantly red detunes the microdisk resonances. Parallel integration of multiple (10) microdisks with a single fiber taper is also demonstrated.

DOI
10.1063/1.2356892

Related papers

Fiber-taper collected photoluminescence characterization of diamond microdisks

Tamiko Masuda

A key architectural element of future quantum photonic networks is an efficient light-matter interface to connect electronic and photonic qubit systems. Nanophotonic resonators can be fabricated on-chip to provide such interfaces for atomic-like defect centers in diamond, which are leading qubit candidates. Fabrication advancements have recently lead to the construction of high quality diamond microdisk resonators, which show potential to reach enhancements with Purcell factor CNV ∼ 50. Here, a room-temperature experimental apparatus integrating free space and visible wavelength fiber-taper measurement capabilities is built to characterize diamond microdisk resonators. Using this setup, microdisk wisphering gallery modes with quality factors at visible wavelengths resonant with defect centers as high as Q ∼ 1 × 105, are observed for the first time. Spectral filtering effects of the taper on the microdisk are analysed to reveal that coupling to these disks may be limited by phase matching requirements. By thinning these disks it should be possible to improve coupling while lowering mode volumes, as desired to optimize Purcell factors.

•May 15, 2018•0 citations

Fiber-coupled nanophotonic devices for nonlinear optics and cavity QED

Paul E. Barclay

The sub-wavelength optical confinement and low optical loss of nanophotonic devices dramatically enhances the interaction between light and matter within these structures. When nanophotonic devices are combined with an efficient optical coupling channel, nonlinear optical behavior can be observed at low power levels in weakly-nonlinear materials. In a similar vein, when resonant atomic systems interact with nanophotonic devices, atom-photon coupling effects can be observed at a single quanta level. Crucially, the chip based nature of nanophotonics provides a scalable platform from which to study these effects. This thesis addresses the use of nanophotonic devices in nonlinear and quantum optics, including device design, optical coupling, fabrication and testing, modeling, and integration with more complex systems. We present a fiber taper coupling technique that allows efficient power transfer from an optical fiber into a photonic crystal waveguide. Greater than 97% power transfer into a silicon photonic crystal waveguide is demonstrated. This optical channel is then connected to a high-Q (> 40,000), ultra-small mode volume (V 44% of the photons input to a fiber. This permits the observation of optical bistability in silicon for sub-mW input powers at telecommunication wavelengths. To port this technology to cavity QED experiments at near-visible wavelengths, we also study silicon nitride microdisk cavities at wavelengths near 852 nm, and observe resonances with Q > 3 million and V

•Oct 1, 2007•4 citations

Hybrid integration of fiber pigtailed silicon nitride microcavities with atom-chips for cavity QED applications

Paul E. Barclay, Kartik A. Srinivasan, Matthew Borselli +4 more

Fiber coupled silicon nitride microcavities with Q > 3.6 times 106and effective mode volume3at wavelengths resonant with alkali atom transitions are robustly integrated with magnetostatic atom-chips.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Simultaneous optical trapping and detection of atoms by microdisk resonators

Michael Rosenblit, Yonathan Japha, Péter Horák +1 more

We propose a scheme for simultaneously trapping and detecting single atoms near the surface of a substrate using whispering gallery modes of a microdisk resonator. For efficient atom-mode coupling, the atom should be placed within approximately $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ from the disk. We show that a combination of red and blue detuned modes can form an optical trap at such distances while the backaction of the atom on the field modes can simultaneously be used for atom detection. We investigate these trapping potentials including van-der-Waals and Casimir-Polder forces and discuss corresponding atom detection efficiencies, depending on a variety of system parameters. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of nondestructive detection.

arXiv:quant-ph/0601154•Physical Review A•Jun 6, 2006•27 citations

Design of microcavity resonators for single-atom detection

Michael Rosenblit, Péter Horák, Eyal Fleminger +2 more

Whispering gallery modes of a microdisk resonator are useful for the optical detection of single rubidium and cesium atoms near the surface of a substrate. Light is coupled into two high-Q whispering-gallery modes of the disk which can provide attractive and/or repulsive potentials, respectively, via their evanescent fields. The sum potential, including van der Waals/Casimir-Polder surface forces, may be tuned to exhibit a minimum at distances on the order of 100 nm from the disk surface. Simultaneously optically trapping and detecting is possible, with the back-action of an atom held in this trap on the light fields being suffciently strong to provide a measurable effect. Atom trapping and detection depend on a variety of system parameters and experimental realizations differ for different atoms.

Journal of Nanophotonics•Dec 1, 2007•4 citations

Efficient Coupling of Tapered Optical Fibers to Silicon Nanophotonic Waveguides on Rare-Earth Doped Crystals

Yan Qi Huan

Quantum networks are a rapidly developing field of quantum information processing that have the potential to enable long-range entanglement between future quantum computers as well as the implementation of secure communication through quantum key distribution. Two key components of such networks are quantum memories to store entangled photon pairs for use in the quantum repeater protocol and quantum light-matter interfaces to efficiently interconvert between stationary qubits and flying qubits in the form of photons. Rare-earth ion-doped crystals are a promising solid-state platform that show promise for both of these applications due to their long optical and spin coherence times. Due to their relatively weak optical transitions, rare-earth ions have been coupled with nanophotonic resonators to enhance their transition strengths, with past work in the Faraon group utilizing focused ion beam milled photonic crystal resonators with 45-degree angled couplers to couple light in and out. Such resonators have the disadvantage of requiring manual alignment to fabricate, and the couplers are also relatively inefficient which limits the performance of such devices. It is therefore desirable to move towards silicon photonics, where mature techniques such as electron-beam lithography can allow for scalable fabrication of nanophotonic cavities together with high coupling efficiencies. In this thesis, we demonstrate significant progress towards the usage of acid-etched tapered optical fibers as an efficient interface for coupling light into tapered silicon nanophotonic waveguides. We show comprehensive simulations of the taper geometries required to achieve adiabatic coupling with theoretical efficiencies of more than 99%, and design a silicon photonic crystal mirror to be used in the measurement of the fiber-waveguide coupling efficiency. We then optimize the hydrofluoric acid fiber etching process and demonstrate the ability to make tapered fibers which are 200 microns long with a taper half-angle of 2 degrees and a tip diameter of 50 nm. Using these tapered fibers to couple light into tapered silicon waveguides fabricated using electron-beam lithography shows a moderately high coupling efficiency of 11.4% with the potential for improvement. This method of tapered fiber coupling shows promise to be integrated into silicon nanophotonic resonators on rare-earth ion doped crystals and allow for highly efficient quantum memories and quantum light-matter interfaces in the solid-state.

•Jul 2, 2019•0 citations
Micron scale silicon nitride (SiNx) microdisk optical resonators are demonstrated with Q=3.6×106 and an effective mode volume of 15(λ∕n)3 at near-visible wavelengths. A hydrofluoric acid wet etch provides sensitive tuning of the microdisk resonances, and robust mounting of a fiber taper provides efficient fiber optic coupling to the microdisks while allowing unfettered optical access for laser cooling and trapping of atoms. Measurements indicate that cesium adsorption on the SiNx surfaces significantly red detunes the microdisk resonances. Parallel integration of multiple (10) microdisks with a single fiber taper is also demonstrated.
A key architectural element of future quantum photonic networks is an efficient light-matter interface to connect electronic and photonic qubit systems. Nanophotonic resonators can be fabricated on-chip to provide such interfaces for atomic-like defect centers in diamond, which are leading qubit candidates. Fabrication advancements have recently lead to the construction of high quality diamond microdisk resonators, which show potential to reach enhancements with Purcell factor CNV ∼ 50. Here, a room-temperature experimental apparatus integrating free space and visible wavelength fiber-taper measurement capabilities is built to characterize diamond microdisk resonators. Using this setup, microdisk wisphering gallery modes with quality factors at visible wavelengths resonant with defect centers as high as Q ∼ 1 × 105, are observed for the first time. Spectral filtering effects of the taper on the microdisk are analysed to reveal that coupling to these disks may be limited by phase matching requirements. By thinning these disks it should be possible to improve coupling while lowering mode volumes, as desired to optimize Purcell factors.
The sub-wavelength optical confinement and low optical loss of nanophotonic devices dramatically enhances the interaction between light and matter within these structures. When nanophotonic devices are combined with an efficient optical coupling channel, nonlinear optical behavior can be observed at low power levels in weakly-nonlinear materials. In a similar vein, when resonant atomic systems interact with nanophotonic devices, atom-photon coupling effects can be observed at a single quanta level. Crucially, the chip based nature of nanophotonics provides a scalable platform from which to study these effects. This thesis addresses the use of nanophotonic devices in nonlinear and quantum optics, including device design, optical coupling, fabrication and testing, modeling, and integration with more complex systems. We present a fiber taper coupling technique that allows efficient power transfer from an optical fiber into a photonic crystal waveguide. Greater than 97% power transfer into a silicon photonic crystal waveguide is demonstrated. This optical channel is then connected to a high-Q (> 40,000), ultra-small mode volume (V 44% of the photons input to a fiber. This permits the observation of optical bistability in silicon for sub-mW input powers at telecommunication wavelengths. To port this technology to cavity QED experiments at near-visible wavelengths, we also study silicon nitride microdisk cavities at wavelengths near 852 nm, and observe resonances with Q > 3 million and V
We propose a scheme for simultaneously trapping and detecting single atoms near the surface of a substrate using whispering gallery modes of a microdisk resonator. For efficient atom-mode coupling, the atom should be placed within approximately 150nm150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}150nm from the disk. We show that a combination of red and blue detuned modes can form an optical trap at such distances while the backaction of the atom on the field modes can simultaneously be used for atom detection. We investigate these trapping potentials including van-der-Waals and Casimir-Polder forces and discuss corresponding atom detection efficiencies, depending on a variety of system parameters. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of nondestructive detection.
Whispering gallery modes of a microdisk resonator are useful for the optical detection of single rubidium and cesium atoms near the surface of a substrate. Light is coupled into two high-Q whispering-gallery modes of the disk which can provide attractive and/or repulsive potentials, respectively, via their evanescent fields. The sum potential, including van der Waals/Casimir-Polder surface forces, may be tuned to exhibit a minimum at distances on the order of 100 nm from the disk surface. Simultaneously optically trapping and detecting is possible, with the back-action of an atom held in this trap on the light fields being suffciently strong to provide a measurable effect. Atom trapping and detection depend on a variety of system parameters and experimental realizations differ for different atoms.
Quantum networks are a rapidly developing field of quantum information processing that have the potential to enable long-range entanglement between future quantum computers as well as the implementation of secure communication through quantum key distribution. Two key components of such networks are quantum memories to store entangled photon pairs for use in the quantum repeater protocol and quantum light-matter interfaces to efficiently interconvert between stationary qubits and flying qubits in the form of photons. Rare-earth ion-doped crystals are a promising solid-state platform that show promise for both of these applications due to their long optical and spin coherence times. Due to their relatively weak optical transitions, rare-earth ions have been coupled with nanophotonic resonators to enhance their transition strengths, with past work in the Faraon group utilizing focused ion beam milled photonic crystal resonators with 45-degree angled couplers to couple light in and out. Such resonators have the disadvantage of requiring manual alignment to fabricate, and the couplers are also relatively inefficient which limits the performance of such devices. It is therefore desirable to move towards silicon photonics, where mature techniques such as electron-beam lithography can allow for scalable fabrication of nanophotonic cavities together with high coupling efficiencies. In this thesis, we demonstrate significant progress towards the usage of acid-etched tapered optical fibers as an efficient interface for coupling light into tapered silicon nanophotonic waveguides. We show comprehensive simulations of the taper geometries required to achieve adiabatic coupling with theoretical efficiencies of more than 99%, and design a silicon photonic crystal mirror to be used in the measurement of the fiber-waveguide coupling efficiency. We then optimize the hydrofluoric acid fiber etching process and demonstrate the ability to make tapered fibers which are 200 microns long with a taper half-angle of 2 degrees and a tip diameter of 50 nm. Using these tapered fibers to couple light into tapered silicon waveguides fabricated using electron-beam lithography shows a moderately high coupling efficiency of 11.4% with the potential for improvement. This method of tapered fiber coupling shows promise to be integrated into silicon nanophotonic resonators on rare-earth ion doped crystals and allow for highly efficient quantum memories and quantum light-matter interfaces in the solid-state.