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arXiv:quant-ph/0603220 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Plasmon-assisted transmission of high-dimensional orbital angular-momentum entangled state

Xi‐Feng Ren, Guo‐Ping Guo, Yun‐Feng Huang, Chuan‐Feng Li, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Nov 7, 2006• 58 citations
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Abstract

We present an experimental evidence that high-dimensional orbital angular-momentum entanglement of a pair of photons can be survived after a photon-plasmon-photon conversion. The information of spatial modes can be coherently transmitted by surface plasmons. This experiment primarily studies the high-dimensional entangled systems based on surface plasmon with subwavelength structures. It maybe useful in the investigation of spatial-mode properties of surface plasmon-assisted transmission through subwavelength hole arrays.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i2006-10359-2

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We present an experimental evidence that high-dimensional orbital angular-momentum entanglement of a pair of photons can be survived after a photon-plasmon-photon conversion. The information of spatial modes can be coherently transmitted by surface plasmons. This experiment primarily studies the high-dimensional entangled systems based on surface plasmon with subwavelength structures. It maybe useful in the investigation of spatial-mode properties of surface plasmon-assisted transmission through subwavelength hole arrays.
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Two-photon states emitted from spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) can exhibit quantum correlations in various degrees of freedom. On the other hand, plasmonic nanostructures show enhanced transmission thanks to the conversion of light into surface plasmon polaritons. It has been shown previously that polarization, time-energy and orbital angular momentum entanglement are preserved in such structures. The fact that surface plasmons are collective charge density waves, consisting of billions of electrons makes this observation remarkable. Here we show that spatial entanglement is also preserved by characterizing it after the photons interacted with gold nanopillar arrays. The detection is realized with novel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays with high spatial and temporal resolution. By measuring the spatial correlations of the photon in the near- and far-fields, we can characterize the state with respect to spatial entanglement with and without the nano-structure.
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are collective excitations of free electrons propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. Although some basic quantum properties of SPPs, such as the preservation of entanglement, the wave-particle duality of a single plasmon, the quantum interference of two plasmons, and the verification of entanglement generation, have been shown, more advanced quantum information protocols have yet to be demonstrated with SPPs. Here, we experimentally realize quantum state teleportation between single photons and SPPs. To achieve this, we use polarization-entangled photon pairs, coherent photon-plasmon-photon conversion on a metallic subwavelength hole array, complete Bell-state measurements and an active feed-forward technique. The results of both quantum state and quantum process tomography confirm the quantum nature of the SPP mediated teleportation. An average state fidelity of [Formula: see text] and a process fidelity of [Formula: see text], which are well above the classical limit, are achieved. Our work shows that SPPs may be useful for realizing complex quantum protocols in a photonic-plasmonic hybrid quantum network.
We report the first quantum entanglement experiment in South Africa. The spatial modes of the entangled photon pair are investigated with their potential for high-dimensional entanglement. The generation, measurement and characterisation of the entangled states are examined in detail, where we show high-dimensional entanglement in a Hilbert space of dimension 25. We highlight the experimental challenges contained within each step and provide practical techniques for future experiments in the quantum regime.
Quantum entanglement is a fundamental trait of quantum mechanics that causes the information about the properties of two (or more) objects to be inextricably linked. When a measurement on one of the objects is performed, the state of the other object is immediately altered, even when these objects are separated at arbitrary distances. In this thesis, we explore the rich properties of entanglement in a high-dimensional mode space. Experimentally, we have implemented the high dimensionality by use of the orbital-angular-momentum degree of freedom of entangled photon pairs. The emphasis is on the question how to quantify the dimensionality of the entanglement as measured in an experiment. We introduce the Shannon dimensionality as a useful quantifier of measured entanglement. Furthermore, we discuss various production methods of optical phase plates, which we use to manipulate the orbital-angular-momentum states of light. Finally, we present an experimental feasibility study on the potential of orbital-angular-momentum entanglement for free-space quantum communication through the atmosphere
We experimentally study two-photon coherence in plasmon-assisted transmission with a two-photon Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. Two collinear photons of identical or orthogonal polarization are simultaneously incident on one optically thick metal film, perforated with a periodic array of subwavelength holes. The de Broglie wavelength of plasmon-assisted transmitted photons is measured, which shows that two photons are re-eradiated by the plasmons and the quantum coherence of biphoton is preserved in the conversion process of transforming biphoton to plasmons and then back to biphoton.